2.3 Carburizing: A Method of Case Hardening of Steel

Bepari, M. M. A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09187-6

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However in the formation of retained austenite for the case of carburized and hardened steels, chromium is more effective than nickel, whereas, nickel and chromium are suitable element required in the refinement of austenite grain size of carburized steels, but nickel is more effective in austenite grain growth inhibition than chromium. The combined effect of molybdenum and nickel is much more effective than either of these two elements in case depth increase, but undissolved grain particles of molybdenum carbide (MO 2 C) plays a significant role in austenitic grain size refinement of carburized steels [19], as the presence of nickel enhances the effect of molybdenum in this case. Hardness value was recorded at the weldment, HAZ and area after the HAZ.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and prediction of the mechanical properties of TIG welded joint for AISI 4130 low carbon steel plates using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach

Owunna

Ikpe

2019

Nig. J. Tech.

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The mechanical properties (Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), modulus of elasticity (E), elongation and strain (e)) for twenty samples of AISI 4130 Low carbon steel plate were studied in this paper. Statistical design of experiment (DOE) using the central composite design method (CCD) was employed in Design Expert 7.01 software to generate DOE for twenty (20) experimental runs as input variables (current, voltage and gas flowrate) which were used in predicting and optimizing the output parameters (maximum UTS and maximum modulus of elasticity with corresponding elongation and strain). One out of the 20 welding runs was found to be optimum using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) optimization approach. The same twenty (20) predicted variables were subjected to TIG welding experimentation which showed close proximity between the predicted and experimental values. Optimized ANN predicted output parameters were UTS of 421 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 793 MPa, strain of 0.61 and elongation of 61% while experimental values using the optimized input variables produced output parameters of 427 MPa for UTS of 421 MPa, 806 MPa for modulus of elasticity, strain of 0.62 and 62% elongation. Visuals of the weldment obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) revealed a uniformly distributed grain sizes in the weldment primarily composing of iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), and nickel (Ni). To save time, energy and resources required for welding experimentation processes, conventional software such as ANN can be used to obtain accurate results.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and prediction of the mechanical properties of TIG welded joint for AISI 4130 low carbon steel plates using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach

Owunna

Ikpe

2019

Nig. J. Tech.

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“…Davis [5] registrou a presença de austenita retida entre placas de martensita na região junto à superfície numa amostra de aço AISI 8719, submetida à têmpera direta após cementação a gás onde tal fase não foi atacada pelo reagente nital (coloração clara nas micrografias). A formação desta fase também foi notada no estudo de Bepari [12], quando na análise metalográfica de um aço baixa-liga ao níquel cementado a gás. Garcia et al [13] e Cardoso et al [14] também notaram a distribuição de regiões claras dispersas na matriz martensítica junto à superfície dos dentes de engrenagens cilíndricas de dentes retos de aço SAE 4320, tratadas por cementação sólida a 900°C e submetidas à têmpera direta em óleo a partir desta temperatura.…”

Section: Análise Por Microscopia óPticaunclassified

“…2021;18:e2333 abaixo da zona crítica por um tempo adequado, seguido de resfriamento dentro do forno [6,11]. O revenimento em aços cementados deve ser feito em temperatura reduzida no geral na faixa entre 150-180°C [4,5,12].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Análise da cementação sólida com têmpera direta aplicada em engrenagens cilíndricas de dentes retos (módulo 2) de aço SAE 8620

Fertig¹,

Pimenta²

2021

Tecnol. Metal. Mater. Min.

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Publicado pela ABM. Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado. a ResumoForam analisadas três condições de cementação sólida em engrenagens cilíndricas de dentes retos (módulo 2) de aço SAE 8620, sendo testados requisitos de dureza e profundidade da camada para seleção do melhor conjunto de parâmetros. O estudo prévio baseado na segunda lei de Fick (regime não estacionário) para a difusão de carbono atômico no Fe-γ (900°C) forneceu os tempos de cada experimento. Após a cementação, as peças foram submetidas à têmpera direta em óleo e posterior revenimento. Amostras foram removidas e preparadas por técnicas de macrografia, microscopia óptica e ensaios de microdureza na escala Rockwell C (HRC). A cementação foi eficiente porque houve formação de martensita junto à superfície e ao longo do contorno dos dentes das engrenagens, porém contendo uma provável dispersão de austenita retida. Resultados satisfatórios foram obtidos na cementação a 900°C por 2h19min, pois a dureza medida na camada cementada apresentou valores acima de 50 HRC até profundidades entre 0,45-0,50 mm e, portanto, dentro da faixa de 0,40-0,60 mm (requisito para engrenagens de módulo 2).

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“…After quenching, high carbon martensite and also high residual stresses can be achieved, which result in good fatigue and wear properties [4]. A disadvantage of this process is that no accurate and reproducible surface state can be achieved due to the fact that parts are carburized in a batch, which can lead to different process conditions [5,6]. In contrary, parts are treated separately during induction and laser hardening.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Inner Surface State of Thick-Walled Tubes by Heat Treatments with Internal Quenching Considering a Simulation Based Optimization

et al. 2020

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Internal Quenching is an innovative heat treatment method for difficult to access component sections. Especially, the microstructure, as well as the residual stress state at inner surfaces, of thick-walled tubes can be adjusted with the presented flexible heat treatment process. Based on multiphysical FE-models of two different steels, a simulative optimization study, considering different internal quenching strategies, was performed in order to find the optimal cooling conditions. The focus hereby was on the adjustment of a martensitic inner surface with high compressive residual stresses. The simulatively determined optimal cooling strategies were carried out experimentally and analyzed. A good agreement of the resulting hardness and residual stresses was achieved, validating the presented Fe-model of the Internal Quenching process. The shown results also indicate that the arising inner surface state is very sensitive to the transformation behavior of the used steel. Furthermore, the presented study shows that a preliminary simulative consideration of the heat treatment process helps to evaluate significant effects, reducing the experimental effort and time.

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2.3 Carburizing: A Method of Case Hardening of Steel

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Modelling and prediction of the mechanical properties of TIG welded joint for AISI 4130 low carbon steel plates using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach

Modelling and prediction of the mechanical properties of TIG welded joint for AISI 4130 low carbon steel plates using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach

Análise da cementação sólida com têmpera direta aplicada em engrenagens cilíndricas de dentes retos (módulo 2) de aço SAE 8620

Improving the Inner Surface State of Thick-Walled Tubes by Heat Treatments with Internal Quenching Considering a Simulation Based Optimization

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