2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene-surfactant complexes:  decomposition, mutagenicity and soil leaching studies

Kaplan, David L.; Kaplan, Arthur M.

doi:10.1021/es00103a006

Cited by 71 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Most contamination is limited to manufacture and disposal sites, but it is still problematic, since TNT persists in the environment for long periods, is acutely toxic, and is readily transformed into carcinogenic compounds (13). Current strategies for remediation of TNT-contaminated soil involve a number of practices, including chemical treatment, physical processes, land farming, phytoremediation, and other combined biological processes (1,16,31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Transformation of Aminodinitrotoluene Isomers by Multicomponent Dioxygenases

Johnson¹,

Smets

Spain³

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The electron-withdrawing nitro substituents of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) make the aromatic ring highly resistant to oxidative transformation. The typical biological transformation of TNT involves reduction of one or more of the nitro groups of the ring to produce the corresponding amine. Reduction of a single nitro substituent of TNT to an amino substituent increases the electron density of the aromatic nucleus considerably. The comparatively electron-dense nuclei of the aminodinitrotoluene (ADNT) isomers would be expected to be more susceptible to oxygenase attack than TNT. The hypothesis was tested by evaluating three nitroarene dioxygenases for the ability to hydroxylate the ADNT isomers. The predominant reaction was dioxygenation of the ring to yield nitrite and the corresponding aminomethylnitrocatechol. A secondary reaction was benzylic monooxygenation to form aminodinitrobenzyl alcohol. The substrate preferences and catalytic specificities of the three enzymes differed considerably. The discovery that the ADNT isomers are substrates for the nitroarene dioxygenases reveals the potential for extensive bacterial transformation of TNT under aerobic conditions.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Transformation of Aminodinitrotoluene Isomers by Multicomponent Dioxygenases

Johnson¹,

Smets

Spain³

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…20 mg of graphene oxide (GO) were dispersed in 20 mL of dimethylformamide (DMF) and sonicated for 30 min. In the meantime, four different amounts of Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 .2H 2 O were dissolved in 100 mL of DMF: 0.115 g, 0.23 g, 0.46 g, and 069 g, respectively, in the solution N • 1, N • 2, N • 3 and N • 4. Then, the GO solution was slowly added to the solution of zinc precursor under stirring, and the mixture was heated at 95 • C for 5 h in a closed vessel (hydrothermal synthesis).…”

Section: Zinc Oxide Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, NACs are toxic compounds able to cause severe health concerns in both animals and humans, leading to anemia, abnormal liver function, cataract development, and skin irritation [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiconducting Metal Oxides Nanocomposites for Enhanced Detection of Explosive Vapors

Marchisio¹,

Tulliani²

2018

Ceramics

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Abstract:In recent years, the detection of ultratraces of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), has gained considerable attention due to associated problems related to environment, security against terrorists and health. The principle of NACs detection is simple since any explosive emits a rather small, but detectable number of molecules. Thus, numerous detection techniques have been developed throughout the years, but their common limitations are rather large sizes and weights, high power consumption, unreliable detection with false alarms, insufficient sensitivity and/or chemical selectivity, and hyper-sensitivity to mechanical influences associated with very high price. Thus, there is a strong need of cheap, rapid, sensitive, and simple analytical methods for the detection and monitoring of these explosives in air. Semiconducting metal oxides (SMOs) allow the preparation of gas sensors able to partially or totally overcome these drawbacks, and this paper aims to shortly review the most recent SMOs nanocomposites able to sense explosives.

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“…A cycle Mn 2+ catalytic mechanism was revealed. 2,4-DNT, one typical kind of dinitrotoluenes, is listed as Toxics Release Inventory chemicals because of its toxicity and possible carcinogenicity [8]. It is difficult to be degraded via conventional oxidation processes and single ozonation is also limited to destruct 2,4-DNT efficiently [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by ozonation in the presence of manganese(II) and oxalic acid

Xiao

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2008

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical

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a b s t r a c tManganese catalytic ozonation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) in the presence of oxalic acid was studied. The addition of manganese ion (Mn 2+ ) or oxalic acid alone in ozonation process did not enhance DNT degradation, but the addition of Mn 2+ coupled with oxalic acid accelerated degradation of DNT. The DNT degradation efficiency was influenced by carbonate in the catalytic ozonation process. Kinetics study showed that Mn 2+ catalytic ozonation significantly promoted the decomposition of ozone. Experimental results of electron spin resonance (ESR) demonstrated that addition of Mn 2+ and oxalic acid produced much hydroxyl radicals in catalytic ozonation system than that in single ozonation system. These results suggested that catalytic ozonation followed hydroxyl radical-type mechanism. Mn 2+ promoted decomposition of ozone to produce hydroxyl radical and it was oxidized into manganese oxide. Manganese oxide was reduced into Mn 2+ by oxalic acid, which is the key step of catalytic process. Based on above results, a cycle catalytic mechanism of Mn 2+ was proposed. Intermediates were determined by HPLC and GC-MS, and they mainly included aromatic organics and aliphatic carboxylic acids.

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2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene-surfactant complexes: decomposition, mutagenicity and soil leaching studies

Cited by 71 publications

References 9 publications

Oxidative Transformation of Aminodinitrotoluene Isomers by Multicomponent Dioxygenases

Oxidative Transformation of Aminodinitrotoluene Isomers by Multicomponent Dioxygenases

Semiconducting Metal Oxides Nanocomposites for Enhanced Detection of Explosive Vapors

Enhanced degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by ozonation in the presence of manganese(II) and oxalic acid

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