2.4 GHz single balanced diode mixer fabricated on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ substrate

Novel technique for performance improvement in impedance-transforming planar Marchand baluns

“…The Marchand balun can be realized in various technologies. For example, they can be formed of lumped components for GSM/DECT application [2]. Most selected topologies are microstrip and coplanar designs and the term planar Marchand balun has been coined.…”

“…[1][2][3][4]. With proper design the balun provides unbalanced to balanced signal conversion and transforms impedance.…”

A 22–39 GHz Passive mixer in SiGe:C bipolar technology

“…However, it is a challenge to realize a compact on-chip hybrid coupler at microwave frequencies due to large line lengths. Therefore, such mixers are usually integrated as discrete components on board [4] or ceramic substrate [5], whilst at millimeter wave frequencies the coupler is typically realized using transmission lines [6].…”

A Broadband Single Balanced Diode Mixer Using a Wideband Rat-Race Hybrid with Vertical Coupling Structure

“…Depending on the choice of ports, RF or LO signal is split with 180° phase difference, and the other is in phase at the diodes. The resulting IF voltages are in-phase in the diodes, which are simply connected in parallel at the IF [4,5]. RF band for the mixer is selected for 1.5 GHz ~ 3 GHz, the LO band is from 1.64 GHz to 3.14 GHz, and IF frequency range is consequently determined to be 140 MHz.…”