2. Acute infectious diarrhoea and dehydration in children

Elliott, Elizabeth J; Dalby‐Payne, Jacqueline R

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06449.x

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…EAEC, EPEC and ETEC strains were found to be endemic in Bolivia over the 4 years of the present study. Infections with ETEC and EPEC in La Paz were associated with the warm rainy season (October-March), supporting the idea that the probability of bacteria causing diarrhoea is higher during this period, consistent with other studies (Elliott & Dalby-Payne, 2004;Grassly & Fraser, 2006;Pascual & Dobson, 2005). However, none of the DEC categories was associated with any particular season in Cochabamba, which suggests that conditions other than temperature or precipitation affect DEC seasonality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence, seasonality and severity of disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhoea in Bolivia

Gonzales

Joffré

Rivera

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The prevalence of infection caused by different categories of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) strains, including enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli, in children who suffered from diarrhoea (n53943) or did not have diarrhoea (n51026) were analysed in two areas in Bolivia over a period of 4 years. We also analysed the seasonality of DEC infections and severity of diarrhoea in children with DEC infection and compared antibiotic resistance in DEC strains isolated from children with and without diarrhoea. Stool samples were analysed for the presence of DEC by culturing followed by PCR. The most prevalent DEC categories in samples from the children were: EAEC (11.2 %); ETEC (6.6 %); EPEC (5.8 %); and EIEC and EHEC (,1 %). DEC strains were isolated significantly more often from diarrhoea cases (21.6 %) than from controls (17.6 %; P50.002). The number of children with diarrhoea associated with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC infections peaked in the Bolivian winter (April-September), although the proportion of DEC-positive stool samples was higher during the warm rainy season (October-March). High levels of antibiotic resistance were detected among the DEC strains. In particular, resistance to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was significantly higher in strains isolated from individuals with diarrhoea than in samples from controls. The severity of disease in children infected with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC varied from mild to severe diarrhoea, although disease severity did not differ significantly between the different DEC categories. ETEC, EPEC and EAEC are commonly found in Bolivia and may cause severe disease in children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence, seasonality and severity of disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhoea in Bolivia

Gonzales

Joffré

Rivera

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…We also extracted gastroenteric disorders, defined as acute enteric disease with diarrhea and vomiting (Elliott and Dalby-Payne 2004). In the study, children were excluded if they accidentally ingested poisonous substances, had urinary infection, or had gastroesophageal reflux.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution, Aeroallergens, and Emergency Room Visits for Acute Respiratory Diseases and Gastroenteric Disorders among Young Children in Six Italian Cities

Orazzo

Nespoli

Ito

et al. 2009

Environ Health Perspect

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BackgroundPast studies reported evidence of associations between air pollution and respiratory symptoms and morbidity for children. Few studies examined associations between air pollution and emergency room (ER) visits for wheezing, and even fewer for gastroenteric illness. We conducted a multicity analysis of the relationship between air pollution and ER visits for wheezing and gastroenteric disorder in children 0–2 years of age.MethodsWe obtained ER visit records for wheezing and gastroenteric disorder from six Italian cities. A city-specific case–crossover analysis was applied to estimate effects of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide, adjusting for immediate and delayed effects of temperature. Lagged effects of air pollutants up to 6 prior days were examined. The city-specific results were combined using a random-effect meta-analysis.ResultsCO and SO2 were most strongly associated with wheezing, with a 2.7% increase [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5–4.9] for a 1.04-μg/m3 increase in 7-day average CO and a 3.4% (95% CI, 1.5–5.3) increase for an 8.0-μg/m3 increase in SO2. Positive associations were also found for PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μg and NO2. We found a significant association between the 3-day moving average CO and gastroenteric disorders [3.8% increase (95% CI, 1.0–6.8)]. When data were stratified by season, the associations were stronger in summer for wheezing and in winter for gastroenteric disorders.ConclusionAir pollution is associated with triggering of wheezing and gastroenteric disorders in children 0–2 years of age; more work is needed to understand the mechanisms to help prevent wheezing in children.

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“…It would be expedient from this study to recommend screening of underweight patients with diarrhoea for HIV so as not to miss them. [2][3][4] Most of the children were severely dehydrated at presentation. This agrees with the fact that diarrhoea incidence, duration and severity are higher in HIV infected children 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diarrhoea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries 1,2 . It is also a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV infected children [3][4][5][6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection in hospitalized under-5 children with acute watery diarrhoea in Calabar, Nigeria.

Ntia¹,

Anah²,

Eyong³

et al. 2012

Nig. J. Paed.

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Background: The signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS in children are not quite distinct because of similarities in clinical presentation between HIV infection and endemic tropical diseases. Diarrhoea, one of the cardinal symptoms of HIV/AIDS, is a common childhood disease. Objective: This study was conducted to find the prevalence of HIV infection among children admitted with acute watery diarrhoea in our diarrhoea treatment and training unit. Method: Consecutive children aged below 5 years admitted into the unit with diarrhoea were recruited. The children were examined. The parents were counseled before blood was taken for HIV screening. In addition, parents of children who were sero-positive for HIV were also screened. Results: One hundred and fifty-two who made the inclusion criteria were studied. Eight (5.3%) were sero-positive for HIV, five of them being males. None of these mothers had antenatal care and they were all delivered at either home or traditional attendants' homes. All were under weight and six of them presented with severe dehydration. These factors reached statistical significant differences between children who were sero-positive and those who were not. None of these eight patients died from acute watery diarrhoea but two of them eventually died from complications of persistent diarrhoea. Conclusion: Children with HIV may present with acute watery diarrhoea. Children with diarrhoea that are underweight with severe dehydration whose sero-status are not known should be screened for HIV.

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2. Acute infectious diarrhoea and dehydration in children

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Prevalence, seasonality and severity of disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhoea in Bolivia

Prevalence, seasonality and severity of disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhoea in Bolivia

Air Pollution, Aeroallergens, and Emergency Room Visits for Acute Respiratory Diseases and Gastroenteric Disorders among Young Children in Six Italian Cities

HIV Infection in hospitalized under-5 children with acute watery diarrhoea in Calabar, Nigeria.

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