2‐Hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone [Lawsone] integrated rare‐earth hybrid materials as biocompatible UV/IR filter agents

Abstract

UV filter agents are essential ingredients in cosmetics and fabrics for rendering the property of protection from harmful UV radiation. The focus of this research was on the development of biocompatible hybrid UV/IR filter agents through sol-gel processing of nano-sized lanthanum titanate, zirconate, and phosphate-based rare-earth materials. 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Lawsone) is an ideal candidate, owing to its biocompatibility, for treating the sol of the rare-earth systems to produce inorganic-organic hybrids with classical orange shades. The rare-earth hybrids were characterized by X-Ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis, photo-luminescence, and Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The results of characterization indicated that the hybrids offer >90% of NIR reflectance in the wavelength region from 700 to 1100 nm. They also exhibited excellent shielding in UV-A and UV-B regions, thus qualifying them as cool colors with useful optical as well as heat management characteristics. The sun protection factor calculated by optical density measurements showed that the synthesized hybrids have potential applications as UV filter agents in sunscreen lotions. The cell viability analyzed by the MTT (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)−2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay affirmed the biocompatibility of the hybrids as none of the systems was found cytotoxic. This study was devoted to exploring the beneficial properties of rareearth-based hybrid systems in pharmacological applications.

Lawsone Unleashed: A Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Biosynthesis, and Therapeutic Potentials

“…Although it was haematotoxic in an oral sub chronic rodent study and positive/borderline-positive in the mouse lymphoma assay and a chromosome aberration test in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, based on CHO-hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase and Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) assays, it can be negative in Salmonella. 26 , 27 Despite not causing any chromosome aberrations in a series of in vivo genetic toxicity tests including 1) bone marrow chromosome aberrations in hamsters 2) sex-linked recessive Lethal Assay in Drosophila 3) unscheduled DNA synthesis test in rats and 4) chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of sub-chronically treated rats, Lawsone causes a weak but statistically significant and reproducible increase in the frequency of micronuclei. Based on these findings, it was concluded that Lawsone is genotoxic in vivo 28 , 29 which supports its external use in humans.…”

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Lawsone) Derivatives

“…[9][10][11][12] These attributes make it a compelling target for synthetic development, as it serves as a starting material for the synthesis of diverse biologically active compounds and materials with intriguing properties. [13][14][15] In the field of organic synthesis, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone has been employed in numerous reactions, where it plays a vital role in the construction of various molecular frameworks. Its hydroxyquinone structure is associated with the antibacterial activity of anthracycline and antibiotics such as daunomycin and doxorubicin.…”