2. Is it Safer to be Gay in High School Today? Trends in Sexual Orientation Identity and Harassment in Canada

Disordered eating behaviors among transgender youth: Probability profiles from risk and protective factors

“…All items were adapted from two population-based repeated wave surveys: the British Columbia Adolescent Health Survey (for items given to [14][15][16][17][18] year olds) and Canadian Community Health Survey (for items given to [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] year olds).…”

“…LGBT youth often face victimization due to their stigmatized sexual identities . The most well documented risk factors for health disparities among LGBT youth are harassment, victimization, and violence.…”

“…LGBT youth often face victimization due to their stigmatized sexual identities. 1,17 The most well documented risk factors for health disparities among LGBT youth are harassment, victimization, and violence. Often, these negative experiences are due to stigma specific to sexual orientation or gender identity; we refer to these experiences as enacted stigma, which is a mechanism through which these victimization experiences affect the health of LGBT youth.…”

Still a target: Sexual diversity and power of caring

“…Whereas this group tends to be neglected in many studies, a few researchers have recently addressed the uniqueness of this particular group being distinct from exclusively heterosexual and lesbian/gay/bisexual (LGB) individuals (Austin, Conron, Patel, & Freedner, 2007;Austin, Roberts, Corliss, & Molnar, 2008;Saewyc et al, 2004;Thompson & Morgan, 2008;Savin-Williams & Vrangalova, 2013). In earlier research, this group has been estimated 6% to 10%, as compared to LGB peers estimated 1% to 4% (e.g., Austin, Ziyadeh, Fisher, Kahn, Colditz, & Frazier, 2004a;Saewyc, Richens, Skay, Reis, Poon, & Murphy, 2006;Saewyc et al, 2011), and found to be at higher risk than exclusively heterosexual peers for smoking (Austin et al, 2004a), eating disorder (Austin, Ziyadeh, Kahn, Camargo, Colditz, & Field, 2004b), and sexual risk behavior (Saewyc et al, 2006).…”

Chasing the rainbow: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer youth and pride semiotics

“…Factors influencing these negative health outcomes include discrimination, harassment and physical harm, lack of family and social support and internalised homophobia, which culminate in experiences of minority stress, or a unique set of stressors experienced by those on society’s margins (Chard et al 2016; Eisenberg and Resnick 2006; Ryan and Rivers 2003; Saewyc, Konishi, and Smith 2011; Snapp et al 2015). In an effort to address these issues, research has focused on what conditions serve to protect lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer groups from these negative outcomes.…”