2  Neutron reflection studies of interactions between surfactants and proteins at interfaces

Hydration and interactions in protein solutions containing concentrated electrolytes studied by small-angle scattering

“…However, the hydration shell is not a uniform layer of increased water density, and the hydration level can change due to salt conditions and temperature. 78 A precise description of the 79 which corresponds to a SLD of 3.04 Â 10 À6 Å À2 . In practice, the H-D exchange depends on protein concentration.…”

Interfacial assembly of proteins and peptides: recent examples studied by neutron reflection

“…C 18 hydrocarbon), the amount of proteins adsorbed was similarly high, but neutron reflection revealed that the volume fraction distribution along the surface normal on the C 18 -modified surface became very non-uniform and was similar to the ones formed by synthetic polymers, indicating surface-induced structural unfolding. In contrast, lysozyme and HSA layers adsorbed on the hydrophilic SiO 2 surface could be modelled by single uniform layer and the thicknesses were close to their respective short axial lengths, indicating that the adsorbed molecules retained their globular framework and were adsorbed sideways-on (Lu 1999(Lu , 2002. Thus, these early neutron reflection studies, though very limited, have revealed the main interfacial structural features of protein molecules adsorbed onto model interfaces.…”

“…A number of neutron reflection studies have also focused on interfacial interactions from binary mixtures of protein/surfactant (Lu et al 1998a,b;Green et al 2000aGreen et al ,b, 2001, protein or peptide/lipid (Schmidt et al 1992;Lu et al 2001;Miano et al 2007;Valincius et al 2008), protein/polymer (Murphy et al 2000;Hollmann et al 2007Hollmann et al , 2008; Ganzevles et al 2008), DNA/polymer (Zhao et al 2008a), DNA/surfactant (Zhang et al 2008) and DNA/ lipid (Wu et al 2006). Several recent reviews have been dedicated to covering most of these systems (Lu 1999(Lu , 2002Fragneto-Cusani 2001;Krueger 2001;Thomas 2004;Lu et al 2007).…”

How does substrate hydrophobicity affect the morphological features of reconstituted wax films and their interactions with nonionic surfactant and pesticide?

“…To enhance interfacial structural resolution, deuterated wax film was used. In NR experiments, H/D substitution changes the scattering length density (SLD) of the interface which enables measurements to be performed in different contrasts [24]. To enhance the structural sensitivity of NR and trace the surfactant and pesticide molecule, it is beneficial to deuterate surfactants and vary the isotopic contrasts of the solvent in addition to the introduction of the deuterated waxes.…”