2[<sup>18</sup>F]‐Fluoro‐2‐Deoxy‐D‐Glucose Positron Emission Tomography is a Sensitive Tool for the Detection of Occult Primary Cancer (Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Syndrome) with Head and Neck Lymph Node Manifestation

Jungehülsing, M.; Scheidhauer, Klemens; Damm, Michael; Pietrzyk, U.; Eckel, Hans Edmund; Schicha, H.; Stennert, E.

doi:10.1067/mhn.2000.104807

Cited by 142 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Others have shown the benefit of PET in the detection of unknown primary head and neck cancers or synchronous primary tumours [77,78]. One advantage of PET over other imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is that since PET imaging visualizes metabolic processes in vivo, relatively small tumours can be detected before structural changes have taken place, as long as they are metabolically active [79].…”

Section: Positron Emission Tomography (Pet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Outline of Prognosis and New Advances in Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): Review of the Literature

Omar

2013

Journal of Oral Oncology

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Objective. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a remarkable incidence over the world and a fairly strenuous prognosis, encouraging further research on the prognostic factors and new techniques for diagnosis that might modify disease outcome. Data Sources. A web-based search for all types of articles published was initiated using Medline/Pub Med, with the key words such as oral cancer, prognostic factors of oral cancer, diagnostic method of oral cancer, and imaging techniques for diagnosis of oral cancer. The search was restricted to articles published in English, with no publication date restriction (last update April, 2013). Review Methods. In this paper, I approach the factors of prognosis of OSCC and the new advances in diagnostic technologies as well. I also reviewed available studies of the tissue fluorescence spectroscopy and other noninvasive diagnostic aids for OSCC. Results. The outcome is greatly influenced by the stage of the disease (especially TNM). Prognosis also depends or varies with tumour primary site, nodal involvement, tumour thickness, and the status of the surgical margins. Conclusion. Tumour diameter is not the most accurate when compared to tumour thickness or depth of invasion, which can be related directly to prognosis. There is a wide agreement on using ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsies in the evaluation of lymph node metastasis.

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Section: Positron Emission Tomography (Pet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Outline of Prognosis and New Advances in Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): Review of the Literature

Omar

2013

Journal of Oral Oncology

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“…larynx, and upper esophagus), anatomic imaging with CT and/or MRI, and blind tongue base biopsy. Numerous studies have addressed the ability of PET to identify primary locations after traditional work-up [29][30][31]. A meta-analysis by Rusthoven and colleagues [32] showed that PET was able to recognize a primary tumor after negative conventional work-up in one quarter of patients with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 75%, respectively.…”

Section: Unknown Primary Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indications for PET/CT in the Head and Neck

Agarwal

Branstetter

Johnson

2008

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America

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Head and neck cancer accounts for approximately 3% to 5% of all new cancer diagnoses in the United States with 40,000 new cases diagnosed each year [1]. These figures encompass cancers arising from the lip, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx, of which the vast majority (90% to 95%) are squamous cell carcinomas arising from mucosal linings of the upper aerodigestive tract. Other, rare cancers that may involve the head and neck include salivary tumors, thyroid cancers, lymphoma, and melanoma.Early diagnosis and accurate staging are essential for treatment planning and can strongly influence prognosis. Likewise, early identification of tumor recurrence can often be treated with additional surgery or re-irradiation. A combination of history, physical exam, endoscopy, and tissue sampling has historically been the mainstay of diagnosis and staging. The use of crosssectional imaging (CT and MRI) has greatly improved staging and monitoring for disease recurrence. Small metastases and/or early recurrent disease, however, can still be missed [2].Functional imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to fill these gaps and improve characterization of both primary tumors and metastatic disease. PET has been shown to be effective in the diagnosis of many different types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) [3]; however, the poor spatial resolution of PET and the lack of anatomic landmarks can make exact localization of disease difficult. In addition, normal

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“…7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] These figures, however, were reported in series that included patients with CUP and extracervical metastases as well as varying cancer types, for example, SCC, adenocarcinoma, melanoma, large cell carcinoma, plasmocytoma, etc., and the diagnostic performance of FDG-PET was not determined separately for cervical versus extracervical CUP presentations and as a function of the histological subtype. Further, in several of these studies, the PET methodology was either not standardized or inadequate and most of these studies were conducted using FDG-PET and not FDG-PET/CT, which might have resulted in a higher rate of false-positive findings and sensitivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lymph Node Metastasis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma from an Unknown Primary in the Upper and Middle Neck: Impact of ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography

Deron

Bonte

Vermeersch

et al. 2011

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) imaging for detection of the primary tumor and its impact on treatment planning in patients presenting with cancer of unknown primary and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-positive cervical lymph nodes of the upper and middle neck. Methods: The study population consisted of 18 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven SCC involving lymph nodes of the upper and middle neck region and negative conventional diagnostic procedures with regard to the location of the primary. All patients underwent FDG-PET/CT according to a standard procedure in search for the primary, unidentified tumor. Results: In none of the patients FDG-PET/CT was able to indicate a primary tumor localization. Although FDG-PET/CT did identify all sites of known lymph node involvement, neither additional sites of lymph node involvement nor sites of distant metastases were identified. Accordingly, FDG-PET/CT did not impact patient treatment planning. Conclusions: In this series, including patients suffering from lymph node metastases by an SCC of unknown primary in the upper and middle neck, FDG-PET/CT was unable to identify a primary tumor. In addition, FDG-PET/CT did not modify the treatment planning in any of the patients studied.

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2[¹⁸F]‐Fluoro‐2‐Deoxy‐D‐Glucose Positron Emission Tomography is a Sensitive Tool for the Detection of Occult Primary Cancer (Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Syndrome) with Head and Neck Lymph Node Manifestation

Abstract: 18-FDG-PET should be performed in all patients with CUP syndrome after conventional diagnostic workup fails to identify the primary.

Cited by 142 publications

References 25 publications

The Outline of Prognosis and New Advances in Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): Review of the Literature

The Outline of Prognosis and New Advances in Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): Review of the Literature

Indications for PET/CT in the Head and Neck

Lymph Node Metastasis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma from an Unknown Primary in the Upper and Middle Neck: Impact of ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography

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2[18F]‐Fluoro‐2‐Deoxy‐D‐Glucose Positron Emission Tomography is a Sensitive Tool for the Detection of Occult Primary Cancer (Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Syndrome) with Head and Neck Lymph Node Manifestation

Abstract: 18-FDG-PET should be performed in all patients with CUP syndrome after conventional diagnostic workup fails to identify the primary.

Cited by 142 publications

References 25 publications

The Outline of Prognosis and New Advances in Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): Review of the Literature

The Outline of Prognosis and New Advances in Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): Review of the Literature

Indications for PET/CT in the Head and Neck

Lymph Node Metastasis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma from an Unknown Primary in the Upper and Middle Neck: Impact of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography

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Product

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2[¹⁸F]‐Fluoro‐2‐Deoxy‐D‐Glucose Positron Emission Tomography is a Sensitive Tool for the Detection of Occult Primary Cancer (Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Syndrome) with Head and Neck Lymph Node Manifestation

Lymph Node Metastasis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma from an Unknown Primary in the Upper and Middle Neck: Impact of ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography