20 GHz Antenna Radiation Pattern Obtained From Near-Field Mapping With Electrooptic Probe on a Single Plane

Gaborit, Gwenaël; Artillan, Philippe; Bermond, C.; Revillod, Guillaume; Chevrier-Gros, Guillaume; Duvillaret, Lionel

doi:10.1109/lawp.2020.2994263

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This technology applied recently to plasmas [24] is based on the Pockels effect. The sensor is made of a cylindrical isotropic birefringent crystal probed with a laser beam guided through a fiber optic [25,26]. Depending on the variation of the light polarization induced by the external EF, the system is able to measure simultaneously the EF amplitude in two orthogonal directions of space.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the electric field vector of guided ionization waves at atmospheric pressure

Iséni

2020

Plasma Res. Express

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In this study, the dynamic of guided ionization wave (IW) generated by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) device operating in helium is experimentally investigated. The present work focuses on the properties of the intense electric field (EF) driving the IW. Taking advantages of APPJs to produce guided and reproducible IWs, the induced EF vector is characterized spatially and temporally along the direction of propagation. With this approach, EF vector mapping of guided IWs have been measured and documented for the first time. In the first part, the propagation within a glass tube of the first IW is investigated. Under the present conditions, a second guided IW is observed and propagates, leading to the formation of a guided streamer. The EF due to transient charge deposited on the wall surface is observed, particularly at the end of the tube. In the second part, one reports on the EF vector mapping under a dielectric substrate in contact with guided IWs. EF strength up to 55 kV/cm has been measured and corroborates prior results from predictive numerical simulations. Intriguing configurations of the EF lines will be of significant interest to validate theoretical models in order to refine the non-equilibrium plasma chemistry kinetics. Furthermore, this preliminary work provides important insights into various applications involving IW driven discharges such as liquid activation, environmental treatments, plasma medicine, active flow control and plasma agriculture.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the electric field vector of guided ionization waves at atmospheric pressure

Iséni

2020

Plasma Res. Express

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“…Therefore, despite their lower EO efficiency, birefringent-free crystals such as BSO, ZnTe, or CdTe are appreciated for realizing temperature-stabilized measurements. 39,48,49 The issue of the material's electromagnetic impedance matching is addressed with a proper encapsulation using matching layers. 48 Another option to circumvent the impedance mismatch issue consists in detecting the E-field component tangential to the probe.…”

Section: Bulk Electro-optic Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39,48,49 The issue of the material's electromagnetic impedance matching is addressed with a proper encapsulation using matching layers. 48 Another option to circumvent the impedance mismatch issue consists in detecting the E-field component tangential to the probe. Thereby, the transmitted field is not affected by the impedance mismatch due to the continuity equations.…”

Section: Bulk Electro-optic Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28, 50, and 51, and has become a dedicated technique in severe environments such as plasmas, 24,25 lightnings, 26 or MRI. 52,53 PSM-based sensors are also ever-attractive for the near-field characterization of antennas, 38,48 due to their minimal invasiveness associated with their wide BW and ability to perform vectorial measurements. The far-field can be extracted from the near-field mapping of the amplitudes and phases using the plane wave spectrum method, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Bulk Electro-optic Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimally invasive optical sensors for microwave-electric-field exposure measurements

Behague

Calero

Coste

et al. 2021

J. Optical Microsystems

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The measurement of microwave electric-field (E-field) exposure is an ever-evolving subject that has recently led the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection to change its recommendations. With frequencies increasing toward terahertz (THz), stimulated by 5G deployment, the measurement specifications reveal ever more demanding challenges in terms of bandwidth (BW) and miniaturization. We propose a focus on minimally invasive E-field sensors, which are crucial for the in situ and near-field characterization of E-fields both in harsh environments such as plasmas and in the vicinity of emitters. We browse the large varieties of measurement devices, among which the electro-optic (EO) probes stand out for their potential of high BW up to THz, minimal invasiveness, and ability of vector measurements. We describe and compare the three main categories of EO sensors, from bulk systems to nanoprobes. First, we show how bulk-sensors have evolved toward attractive fibered systems that are advantageously employed in plasmas, resonance magnetic imagings chambers or for radiation-pattern imaging up to THz frequencies. Then we describe how the integration of waveguides helps to gain robustness, lateral resolution, and sensitivity. The third part is dedicated to the ultra-miniaturization of components allowing ultimate steps toward electromagnetic invisibility. This review aims at pointing out the recent evolutions over the past 10 years, with a highlight on the specificities of each photonic architecture. It also shows the way to future multi-physics and multi-arrays smart sensing platforms. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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“…To circumvent issues with conventional metallic probes, EO probes have been exploited as an alternative solution. The successful implementation of EO systems that characterize antennas and arrays has been reported previously [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]. In [8], EO crystals are used to measure the NF patterns of a 4-GHz patch antenna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Near-Field-Based Gain and Pattern Measurement Technique for Probe-Fed Millimeter-Wave Antennas [Measurements Corner]

Rao

Sarabandi

2022

IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.

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Driven by the perpetual demand for higher data rates, extensive research efforts have been devoted to millimeter-wave (mm-wave) 5G technologies in recent years. Highly integrated mm-wave antennas for 5G user equipment are considered one of the key components in the realization of mm-wave-based mobile networks. An accurate characterization of antennas is as important as antenna design. Despite great advances in measurement capabilities over the years, we are still facing many difficulties in probe-based mm-wave antenna measurements. This article presents a fast, simple, and accurate near-field (NF)to-far-field (FF) technique for gain and radiation pattern measurements of probe-fed mm-wave antennas. A setup based on an electro-optical (EO) NF measurement system (NeoScan) is utilized to measure the NF of the antenna under test (AUT). The system uses a high-spatial-resolution nonintrusive probe to scan the NF in very close proximity to the antenna's surface, which significantly alleviates multipath effects and reduces the required scan area. The radiation pattern of the AUT is computed using the NF-to-FF transformation. To obtain the gain of the AUT, a ground-backed dipole antenna is created and used as a gain standard. The absolute gain of the ground-backed dipole is characterized using the image method. Measurement accuracy is checked against the simulation. With the help of the standard gain antenna, the NF-to-FF method can be used to measure both the gain and radiation pattern of any type of probe-fed mm-wave antenna. For demonstration purposes, two test antennas, a horizontally polarized tapered slot antenna, and a dual-band vertically polarized hexagonal bridge antenna operating at 28 GHz are fabricated and characterized. Excellent agreement against fullwave simulation is achieved.

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20 GHz Antenna Radiation Pattern Obtained From Near-Field Mapping With Electrooptic Probe on a Single Plane

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Mapping the electric field vector of guided ionization waves at atmospheric pressure

Mapping the electric field vector of guided ionization waves at atmospheric pressure

Minimally invasive optical sensors for microwave-electric-field exposure measurements

A Near-Field-Based Gain and Pattern Measurement Technique for Probe-Fed Millimeter-Wave Antennas [Measurements Corner]

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