20 m Annual Paddy Rice Map for Mainland Southeast Asia Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data

Abstract

Abstract. Over 90 % of the world’s rice is produced in the Asia-Pacific Region. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) enables all-day and all-weather observations of rice distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. Rice growth patterns in tropical and subtropical regions are complex, and it is difficult to construct representative rice growth patterns, which makes it much more difficult to extract rice distribution based on SAR data. To address this problem, a rice mapping method based on time-series Sentinel-1 SAR data is proposed in this study for large regional tropical or subtropical areas. Based on the analysis of rice backscattering characteristics in mainland Southeast Asia, the combination of spatio-temporal statistical features with thegeneralization ability to complex rice growth patterns was selected, then input into the U-Net semantic segmentation model and combined with WorldCover data to eliminate false alarms, and finally the 20-meter resolution rice map of five countries in mainland Southeast Asia in 2019 was obtained. On the validation sample set, the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 92.20 %. Good agreement was obtained when comparing our rice map with statistical data and other rice maps at the national and provincial levels. The maximum coefficient of determination R2 was 0.93 at the national level and 0.97 at the provincial level. These results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method in rice extraction with complex cropping patterns and the reliability of the generated rice maps. The 20 m annual paddy rice map for mainland Southeast Asia is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7315076 (Sun, 2022).

Twenty-meter annual paddy rice area map for mainland Southeast Asia using Sentinel-1 synthetic-aperture-radar data

“…The 20 m annual paddy rice area map for mainland Southeast Asia can be accessed in the Zenodo data set from the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7315076 (Sun et al, 2022b). The spatial reference system of the data set is EPSG:4326(WGS84).…”

“…These results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method in rice area mapping with complex cropping patterns and the reliability of the generated rice area maps. The 20 m annual paddy rice area map for mainland Southeast Asia is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7315076 (Sun et al, 2022b).…”

Single-Season Rice Area Mapping by Combining Multi-Temporal Polarization Decomposition Components and the Two-Stage Segmentation Method

“…Dual-polarized SAR data, especially the data of the Sentinel-1 satellites launched by the European Space Agency (ESA), are widely used in agricultural-related applications due to its large coverage range, relatively high resolution, and relatively complete time series [25]. Therefore, the VH/VV polarization data of Sentinel-1 and the corresponding polarization decomposition methods are considered for use in the rice mapping research in this article.…”