20 Years of HIV in Bangladesh

Nahar, Quamrun; Alam, Mahbub; Chowdhury, Ezazul Islam; Azim, Tasnim; Alam, Nazmul; Saifi, Rumana; Khan, Sharful Islam; Oliveras, Elizabeth; Reza, Masud

doi:10.1596/27592

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Many female PWUDs enrolled in this study sold sex, had multiple sex partners, often concomitantly, and used condoms less frequently with their commercial partners than did the male PWUDs. Such risk behaviours have been documented before from Bangladesh [ 7 , 9 ]. All published data from these studies confirm that female PWUDs require harm reduction services both in regard to drugs and to promoting safe sex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, standardised drug detoxification and rehabilitation services are not readily available in Bangladesh. As of 2008, eight government clinics were being operated by the Department of Narcotics Control and Directorate of Prisons of the Government of Bangladesh and 162 treatment centres by private and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) [9] Services provided through the non-government sector are too expensive for the vast majority of PWUDs in Bangladesh [4,10]. It is believed that the NGO-run treatment programmes provide a wider range of services, such as rehabilitation with health education, behavioural change communication and life skills development, in addition to detoxification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NSP in Bangladesh has been recognised as best practice by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS [ 8 ]. These services, which have now been expanded to cover different parts of Bangladesh, reached approximately 60% of PWIDs in 2008 [ 9 ], when Bangladesh had the widest NSP coverage in south Asia [ 10 ]. As of 2012, approximately 14,000 PWIDs are covered under the NSP of Bangladesh, including 400–500 women (unpublished data).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with relapse into drug use among male and female attendees of a three-month drug detoxification–rehabilitation programme in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2013

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BackgroundTo determine relapse rates and associated factors among people who use drugs (PWUDs) attending abstinence-oriented drug treatment clinics in Dhaka, Bangladesh.MethodsA cohort of male and female PWUDs admitted to the 3-month drug detoxification-rehabilitation treatment programmes of three non-governmental organisation-run drug treatment clinics in Dhaka, Bangladesh were interviewed on admission and over the following 5 months, which included the first 2 months after discharge. The study subjects comprised 150 male and 110 female PWUDs who had been taking opiates/opioids, cannabis or other drugs (including sedatives) before admission, had provided informed consent and were aged ≥16 years. Interviews were conducted using semi-structured questionnaires at four time points; on admission, at discharge and at 1 and 2 months after discharge. Relapse rates were assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Factors associated with relapse on enrolment and after discharge were determined using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsA greater proportion of female than male subjects relapsed over the study period (71.9% versus 54.5%, p < 0.01). For men, baseline factors associated with relapse were living with other PWUDs (relative hazard ratio [RHR] = 2.27), living alone (RHR = 2.35) and not having sex with non-commercial partners (RHR = 2.27); whereas for women these were previous history of drug treatment (RHR = 1.94), unstable housing (RHR = 2.44), higher earnings (RHR = 1.89), preferring to smoke heroin (RHR = 3.62) and injecting buprenorphine/pethidine (RHR = 3.00). After discharge, relapse for men was associated with unstable housing (RHR = 2.78), living alone (RHR = 3.69), higher earnings (RHR = 2.48) and buying sex from sex workers (RHR = 2.29). Women’ relapses were associated with not having children to support (RHR = 3.24) and selling sex (RHR = 2.56).ConclusionsThe relapse rate was higher for female PWUDs. For both male and female subjects the findings highlight the importance of stable living conditions. Additionally, female PWUDs need gender-sensitive services and active efforts to refer them for opioid substitution therapy, which should not be restricted only to people who inject drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with relapse into drug use among male and female attendees of a three-month drug detoxification–rehabilitation programme in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2013

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“…The prevalence of consistently using condoms with new clients in the past week among brothel-based, hotel-based and street-based FSWs in Dhaka was 28.4%, 7.8% and 43.3% respectively [3]. The number of clients entertained by each FSW in Bangladesh is one of the highest in Asia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and reproductive health behaviors of female sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh

et al. 2017

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ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to document sexual and reproductive health (SRH) practices among female sex workers (FSWs) including abortion, pregnancy, use of maternal healthcare services and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with the aim of developing recommendations for action.MethodsA total of 731 FSWs aged between 15 and 49 years were surveyed using a stratified sampling in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A workshop with 23 participants consisted of policy makers, researchers, program implementers was conducted to formulate recommendations.ResultsAbout 61.3% of 731 FSWs reported SRH-related experiences in the past one year, including abortion (15.5%), ongoing pregnancy (9.0%), childbirth (8.3%) or any symptoms of STIs (41.6%). Among FSWs who had an abortion (n = 113), the most common methods included menstrual regulation through manual vacuum aspiration (47.8%), followed by Dilation and Curettage procedure (31%) and oral medicine from pharmacies (35.4%). About 57.5% of 113 cases reported post abortion complications. Among FSWs with delivery in the past year (n = 61), 27.7% attended the recommended four or more antenatal care visits and more than half did not have any postnatal visit. Adopting sustainable and effective strategies to provide accessible and adequate SRH services for FSWs was prioritized by workshop participants.ConclusionThere was substantial unmet need for SRH care among FSWs in urban areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Therefore, it is important to integrate SRH services for FSWs in the formal healthcare system or integration of abortion and maternal healthcare services within existing HIV prevention services.

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“…The Bangladesh government budget for 2016-17 fiscal year shows that the budget has only 5.13 per cent of the total outlay for the health and family welfare sector. overall prevalence in general population (Azim et al, 2009). up a new project due to funding changes, though they thought the previous project was working well.…”

Section: The Public Health Professionalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Majmawalas and sexual health promotion in Bangladesh: An ethnography of street healers in Dhaka City

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20 Years of HIV in Bangladesh

Cited by 22 publications

References 54 publications

Factors associated with relapse into drug use among male and female attendees of a three-month drug detoxification–rehabilitation programme in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a prospective cohort study

Factors associated with relapse into drug use among male and female attendees of a three-month drug detoxification–rehabilitation programme in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a prospective cohort study

Sexual and reproductive health behaviors of female sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Majmawalas and sexual health promotion in Bangladesh: An ethnography of street healers in Dhaka City

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