2006–2008 Annual Review on Aerial Infrared Decoy Flares

Koch, Ernst‐Christian

doi:10.1002/prep.200700219

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Therefore, in the early 1950s IR decoy flares were considered to imitate the hot tail pipe radiation [62]. The technology of IRCM flares/seeker interaction has been discussed by the author [63][64][65]. Depending on the duration and magnitude of the exothermic reaction of their payload IR decoy flares yield a distinct electromagnetic signature that is influenced by the chemical constituents of its combustion products.…”

Section: Shsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal–Halocarbon Pyrolant Combustion

Koch

2010

Handbook of Combustion

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Energetic materials are characterized by their ability to undergo a spontaneous highly exothermic reaction. They can be classified into high explosives (HEs), propellants, and pyrolants. High explosives upon initiation yield a detonation -that is a supersonic shock wave sustained by a chemical reaction. Propellants and pyrolants on the contrary undergo a thermally propagated reaction and yield either large amount of gaseous species, or in the case of pyrolants yield mainly condensed products. Unlike most high explosives, which are homogeneous organic compounds containing nitro-and nitramine groups, pyrolants and most propellants are heterogeneous fuel/oxidizer mixtures [1,2].The term pyrolant describes hot burning compositions that are constituted from micrometric or nanometric metal powders and crystalline and/or polymeric oxidizers.Typical pyrolants are used as illuminant (Mg/NaNO 3 ), thermite (Al/Bi 2 O 3 ), and igniter (Zr/BaCrO 4 ) compositions [3], in addition coruscative combinations such as, for example, Zn/S or Mg/P [4, 5] find use as both amateur propellants (sic) and incendiaries [6].An important group of pyrolants consists of combinations of metal powders with halocarbon compounds. The large energy content of metal-halocarbon pyrolants stems from the high enthalpy of formation of the corresponding metal-halogen bond (MÀX). Thus, chlorocarbon and especially fluorocarbon compounds are used as oxidizers. Table 15.1 lists the gravimetric and volumetric enthalpy of combustion, adiabatic flame temperature, and ignition temperature for selected energetic materials taken from the groups of high explosives, propellants, and pyrolants.Mg/Teflon/Viton (MTV) (Teflon is the proprietary brand name of DuPont Company for polytetrafluoroethylene) [7] and Zn/ZnO/hexachloroethane (HC) [8] are typical metal-halocarbon pyrolants and are used as infrared decoy flare compositions (MTV) and obscurant smoke formulations (HC). In addition metal-halocarbon

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Section: Shsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently a number of non-halogenated polymers may be substituted for expensive Viton. These include polyacrylates, styrene-butadiene copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate binder, and, most recently, thermoplastic binders like polystyrene [65].…”

Section: Technical Applications J387mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Halocarbon Pyrolant Combustion

Koch

2010

Handbook of Combustion

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“…Pyrotechnics encompass a diverse array of sophisticated devices capable of generating heat, light, smoke, sound, motion, or a combination thereof [1][2][3][4][5]. These effects are achieved through the controlled reaction of highly energetic materials, including explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnic compositions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Fabrication of a Fast-Response and Low-Energy Input Micro-Igniter

Wu,

Singh,

Julien

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Infrared radiation pyrotechnic generators are widely used as decoy flares, in air evasive manoeuvres against thermal seeking missiles. The state-of-the-art in the field shows the use of Magnesium-Teflon-Viton (MTV) pyrotechnic formulations as the most mature infrared generating devices [4]. The main disadvantage of MTV compositions is that they emit a grey body-like radiation, and can be discriminated by 3 rd generation infrared seeking missiles as false targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Ratio and Additives Influence on the Combustion Parameters of Novel Polyurethane-based Flares

Epure¹,

Tiganescu²,

Iorga³

et al. 2021

Mater. Plast.

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Pyrotechnic compositions using polyurethane as binder were designed to maximize the temperature of combustion and the burn rate. The flares consisted in mixtures of potassium perchlorate/Mg-Al alloy/polyurethane/additives. In order to determine the optimum input ratio that conducts to the most appropriate solution in terms of theoretical amount of heat released, specific volume of gaseous products and chemical composition, Explo5� thermochemical software runs were executed. Further, the temperature of combustion and the burn rate were determined by infrared thermography, while the heat of combustion and the specific volume of gases were obtained using an adiabatic calorimeter coupled with a Julius-Peters volumeter. The fuel ratio was varied in the compositions in order to optimize the combustion, and the addition of chlorinated rubber confirmed a significant enhancement in both parameters.

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2006–2008 Annual Review on Aerial Infrared Decoy Flares

Abstract: The most recent progress in the field of advanced aerial infrared decoy flare technology is documented. 71 references from the public domain are given. For the last review please see Ref. [2].

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Metal–Halocarbon Pyrolant Combustion

Metal–Halocarbon Pyrolant Combustion

Design and Fabrication of a Fast-Response and Low-Energy Input Micro-Igniter

Fuel Ratio and Additives Influence on the Combustion Parameters of Novel Polyurethane-based Flares

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