2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

Abstract

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Increased arterial stiffness in obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7] Arterial stiffness is independently associated with cardiovascular risk [19][20][21][22][23][24]26,[28][29][30][31][75][76][77][78] and may therefore provide a potential explanation for the increased risk of cardiovascular events in OSA patients. Furthermore, a strong correlation between arterial stiffness and the development of atherosclerosis at various sites in the arteries has been noted.…”

“…25 The most simple and reproducible noninvasive technique to date is the measurement of arterial waveforms (obtained by applanation tonometry), and more specifically pulse wave velocity (PWV), as recommended by the European Network for Non-invasive Investigation of Large Arteries 25 and the European Society of Hypertension European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. 26 PWV is inversely related to arterial distensibility 27 and expresses the speed of the pressure wave traveling through the arteries. The pulse travels at a higher velocity in a stiff artery, and vice versa.…”

“…Carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV) is considered the 'gold-standard' measurement of the stiffness of the aorta. 25,26 It has been used extensively and has the largest amount of epidemiological evidence to support its predictive value for cardiovascular events in the general and diseased populations. 25,[28][29][30][31][32] Measurements of arterial stiffness are believed to reflect global arterial endothelial function.…”

Information on arterial properties from home blood pressure monitoring: work still in progress

“…4 Conversely, information on the degree of arterial stiffness should continue to be obtained from the currently validated, although not always easily available, laboratory methods, with the possible complementary contribution by AASI, whenever correctly assessed. 15,17 …”

“…[1][2][3] Indeed, the 2007 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology hypertension guidelines have for the first time included arterial stiffness among the indices of subclinical organ damage carrying prognostic information. 4 A number of methods have been proposed to directly and noninvasively measure regional and local arterial stiffness in human subjects at different sites along the arterial tree 5 (Table 1). However, these methods are not free from methodological problems, among which is the limited accuracy of the estimates they provide.…”