Radiation therapy is—in many therapeutic settings—equivalent to surgery. Training in radiotherapy requires a particular infrastructure including highly trained personnel, safety training, and the necessary equipment as well as time. In this chapter, I will be describing the establishment of the first board-certified radiation oncology training in Iraq. In doing so, I will be outlining challenges specific to the region and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in general. I will also be describing the impact of this endeavor and its prospects.