2011 Cost of Wind Energy Review

Assessment of Offshore Wind Energy Leasing Areas for the BOEM Massachusetts Wind Energy Area

“…This is because most projects are envisioned by the developers to be installed in multiyear phases. The 500-MW scale has also been used as a standard reference for DOE offshore wind project cost modeling (Tegen 2012) and is considered a scale in which offshore wind cost economies of scale could be reached (Maples 2012). Using array densities that are indicative of the Call nominations (see Table 1 and Table 2), NREL researchers determined that each leasing area in Massachusetts could support at least two 500-MW wind projects or a total of 5,000 MW for the entire WEA.…”

“…As mentioned earlier, 500 MW was chosen to represent a typical unit capacity for what developers are expected to deploy on a large scale in the future for a single phase under multiyear, multiphase development scenarios. The 500-MW scale is also used as the standard reference for DOE offshore wind project cost modeling (Tegen 2012) and is considered a scale in which offshore wind cost economies of scale could be reached (Maples 2012). …”

The Influence of Main Bearing Stiffness on the Gearbox of 3 Point Suspension Wind Turbine Drive Train

“…그 중 기어박스는 길이가 수 미터, 중량이 수십 톤에 이르는 대형 기어박스로 일단 고장이 나면 재설치 또는 수리에 비용과 시간이 많이 들 뿐더러 정지기간이 길어 풍력발전기 의 설비가동률이 저하되고 발전단가를 상승시키는 요소 중 하나이 다 [4,5] . 오랫동안 산업용 대형 기어박스를 제작해 온 경험에도 불구 하고 예측치 못한 기어박스의 고장이 일어나고 있는데 현재 여러 원인 가운데 비토크 하중(non-torque loads)의 영향이 가장 관심 대상이 되고 있다 [6,7] .…”

Calculating MIPS 2.0

“…The industry-based functional unit vector contains demand (in USD) for three industries chosen to represent the parts of the supply chain that are not included in the ecoinvent model. The US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) provides a detailed breakdown of the cost of a wind turbine on a USD/kW basis [44] and Table 5 shows which items of the breakdown are matched with WIOD industries.…”