2015 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 33rd Annual Report

Abstract

These data support the continued value of PC expertise and need for specialized medical toxicology information to manage more serious exposures, despite a decrease in calls involving less serious exposures. Unintentional and intentional exposures continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. The near real-time, always current status of NPDS represents a national public health resource to collect and monitor US exposure cases and information calls. The continuing mission of NPDS is to provide a nationwide infrastructure for surveillance for all types of exposures (e.g., foreign body, viral, bacterial, venomous, chemical agent, or commercial product), the identification of events of public health significance, resilience, response and situational awareness tracking. NPDS is a model system for the real-time surveillance of national and global public health.

A 15-year retrospective review of brake fluid exposures in children from a single poison center

“…Data collected included gender, age, month and year of exposure, caller site, exposure site, management site, medical outcome, quantity, clinical effects, therapies, if transfer to a tertiary center occurred, and laboratory data including serum bicarbonate, anion gap, serum osmolality, osmol gap, and any measured glycol concentrations. Final outcomes were "no effect," "minor effect," "moderate effect," "major effect," or "death" according to American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) standardized criteria [13].…”

“…Unintentional pediatric brake fluid exposures are common; in 2015, US poison centers reported 883 isolated exposures to brake fluid, 239 of which were in children less than 6 years of age [13]. We therefore sought to better characterize single-substance small-volume brake fluid exposures in children less than 6 years old to more fully understand this clinical conundrum.…”

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Special Circumstances

“…Additional doses may be needed every 20-60 min. Titrate the dose until the victim is breathing adequately and has protective airway relexes [4,5,21].…”

CHAMACON: exposiciones potencialmente letales en pediatría

“…2 Como consecuencia, es una idea común que la ingesta de una pequeña cantidad de cualquier sustancia no será capaz de producir efectos devastadores en nuestro paciente, cuando en realidad existen xenobióticos que pueden causar la muerte aún si se ingiere sólo una tableta, un sorbo o una cucharada de ellos. Lo anterior obliga al médico pediatra a estar familiarizado con las principales sustancias tóxicas y su manejo.…”

“…1 En Estados Unidos, en el 2014, la American Association of Poison Control Centers reportó un total de 2,165,142 exposiciones, de las cuales 47.6% ocurrieron en pacientes de 5 años o menores. 2 Lo anterior guarda una relación estrecha con factores de riesgo que dependen del paciente, pero también de su entorno y de la propia sustancia, los cuales en su conjunto determinan si se presenta o no una intoxicación. 3,4 Dentro de los factores predisponentes más importantes del paciente encontramos: su completo desconocimiento del potencial efecto dañino que poseen las sustancias que le rodean y su avidez por la experimentación a través del gusto, además de que su peso y superficie corporal reducidos contribuyen a alcanzar las dosis tóxi-cas con relativa facilidad.…”