2018 Typhoon Jebi post-event survey of coastal damage in the Kansai region, Japan

Nearshore Dynamics of Storm Surges and Waves Induced by the 2018 Typhoons Jebi and Trami Based on the Analysis of Video Footage Recorded on the Coasts of Wakayama, Japan

“…In 2018, two large typhoons, Jebi and Trami, passed near the coast of Wakayama and made landfall on the prefecture and generated extremely damaging storm surges and waves on the coasts (Figure 1). Many structures and houses near the coast were inundated and damaged during these typhoons, as reported by Mori et al [13]. The observed heights of storm surges at certain tide gauge stations in Wakayama were the highest in recorded history during either Typhoon Jebi or Typhoon Trami [14,15].…”

“…Typhoon Jebi passed near the coast of Wakayama during 11:00-13:00 JST (UTC + 9 h) on September 4, 2018, with a central pressure of approximately 950 hPa and the lowest central pressure dropping to 915 hPa [16] (Figure 1). This typhoon caused a large disaster because of winds, rain, surges, and waves, not only on the coast of Wakayama but also along the coastal areas of Osaka Bay [13] (Figure 1). Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) immediately organized a joint survey team, the 2018 Typhoon Jebi Coastal Disaster Survey Team, after the typhoon passed; this team surveyed the overall damage mainly on the coasts of Osaka, Hyogo, and Wakayama in the Kansai region [13,17].…”

“…This typhoon caused a large disaster because of winds, rain, surges, and waves, not only on the coast of Wakayama but also along the coastal areas of Osaka Bay [13] (Figure 1). Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) immediately organized a joint survey team, the 2018 Typhoon Jebi Coastal Disaster Survey Team, after the typhoon passed; this team surveyed the overall damage mainly on the coasts of Osaka, Hyogo, and Wakayama in the Kansai region [13,17]. Storm surges had a dominant influence near the inner part of Osaka Bay, with maximum inundation heights of + 4.0 and + 9.2 m, including wave run-up effects, from the mean sea level near the head of Tokyo Bay (i.e., Tokyo Peil, TP) [13].…”

“…Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) immediately organized a joint survey team, the 2018 Typhoon Jebi Coastal Disaster Survey Team, after the typhoon passed; this team surveyed the overall damage mainly on the coasts of Osaka, Hyogo, and Wakayama in the Kansai region [13,17]. Storm surges had a dominant influence near the inner part of Osaka Bay, with maximum inundation heights of + 4.0 and + 9.2 m, including wave run-up effects, from the mean sea level near the head of Tokyo Bay (i.e., Tokyo Peil, TP) [13]. The coasts of Wakayama were also severely damaged by storm surges and storm-induced waves during the typhoon.…”

“…For example, Typhoon Vera, which crossed over the Kansai storm-surge typhoons in Japan; the maximum surge height was approximately 3.6 m at Nagoya near the head of Ise Bay [12]. Countermeasures for storm surges along the coast in the Kansai region have been discussed using virtual typhoon scenarios based on Typhoons Vera and Nancy [12,13]. Wakayama Prefecture is one of the most affected areas by storm surges and storm-induced waves in this region because it has long coastlines facing the open Pacific Ocean, extending for several hundred kilometers.…”