2019-nCOV distress and depressive, anxiety and OCD-type, and eating disorder symptoms among postpartum and control women

Thompson, Katherine A.; Bardone‐Cone, Anna M.

doi:10.1007/s00737-021-01120-9

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The rate of OC symptoms observed in the present study is more in line with what one might expect based on pre-pandemic prevalence in perinatal samples. These findings are also consistent with a recent report which found that OC symptoms, particularly those related to contamination, were elevated among women in the postpartum during the COVID-19 pandemic (Thompson and Bardone-Cone 2021) and general population samples (e.g., Samuels et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Elevated risk for obsessive–compulsive symptoms in women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic

Mahaffey

Levinson

Preis

et al. 2021

Arch Womens Ment Health

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a public mental health crisis with many people experiencing new or worsening anxiety. Fear of contagion and the lack of predictability/control in daily life increased the risk for problems such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in the general population. Pregnant women may be particularly vulnerable to such pandemic-related stressors yet the prevalence of OC symptoms in this population during the pandemic remains unknown. We examined the prevalence of OC symptoms in a sample of 4451 pregnant women in the USA, recruited via targeted online methods at the start of the pandemic. Participants completed self-report measures including the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised and the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale. Clinically significant OC symptoms were present in 7.12% of participants, more than twice as high as rates of peripartum OCD reported prior to the pandemic. Younger maternal age, income loss, and suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection were all associated with higher OC symptoms. Two types of pregnancy-specific stress, pandemic-related and pandemic-unrelated, were both associated with higher levels of OC symptoms. Pandemicrelated pregnancy stress predicted OC symptoms even after controlling for non-pandemic-related, pregnancy-specific stress. Elevated rates of OC symptoms were observed in women pregnant during the pandemic, particularly those experiencing elevated pandemic-related pregnancy stress. This type of stress confers a distinct risk for OC symptoms above and beyond pregnancy-specific stress and demographic factors. Healthcare providers should be prepared to see and treat more peripartum women with OC symptoms during this and future public health crises.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Elevated risk for obsessive–compulsive symptoms in women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic

Mahaffey

Levinson

Preis

et al. 2021

Arch Womens Ment Health

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“…The first theme identified was the prevalence of possible eating disorder cases among non‐clinical samples during the pandemic. Eleven studies (participant n s = 120–5,378) investigated this theme by estimating the proportion of participants scoring above an established clinical cut‐off on a self‐report assessment (Alessi et al, 2020 ; Buckley et al, 2021 ; Cecchetto et al, 2021 ; Chan & Chiu, 2021 ; Christensen et al, 2021 ; Flaudias et al, 2020 ; Kohls et al, 2021 ; Racine et al, 2021 ; Thompson & Bardone‐Cone, 2021 ; Troncone et al, 2020 ; Trott et al, 2021 ). None of the samples was representative of the wider population, nor were sampling weights applied in any study in attempts to generalize to the wider population.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The convenience samples included university students, adults from the community, and individuals with Type 1 or 2 diabetes. Among the five studies using the Eating Attitudes Test (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979 ), the percentage scoring above clinical cut‐off ranged from 8–75%, with the two studies with the largest sample size ( n = 306 and 319) producing prevalence rates of 8 and 28% (Thompson & Bardone‐Cone, 2021 ; Trott et al, 2021 ). These estimates were comparable to those reported in pre‐pandemic studies using the EAT (Al‐Adawi, Dorvlo, Burke, Moosa, & Al‐Bahlani, 2002 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fourth theme concerned pandemic‐related correlates of symptom severity. Fifteen studies investigated this theme; 14 studies investigated cross‐sectional relationships ( n s = 43–5,738; Castellini et al, 2020 ; Christensen et al, 2021 ; Czepczor‐Bernat et al, 2021 ; De Pasquale et al, 2021 ; Flaudias et al, 2020 ; Haddad et al, 2020 ; Jordan et al, 2021 ; Machado et al, 2020 ; Racine et al, 2021 ; Scharmer et al, 2020 ; Schlegl, Maier, et al, 2020 ; Schlegl, Meule, et al, 2020 ; Simone et al, 2021 ; Thompson & Bardone‐Cone, 2021 ) and one pilot study of 15 individuals with bulimia nervosa assessed prospective relationships using an experience sampling design (Leenaerts et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic scoping review of research on COVID‐19 impacts on eating disorders: A critical appraisal of the evidence and recommendations for the field

Linardon

Messer

Rodgers

et al. 2021

Intl J Eating Disorders

134

115

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Objective Research investigating the effects of COVID‐19 on eating disorders is growing rapidly. A comprehensive evaluation of this literature is needed to identify key findings and evidence gaps to better inform policy decisions related to the management of eating disorders during and after this crisis. We conducted a systematic scoping review synthesizing and appraising this literature. Method Empirical research on COVID‐19 impacts on eating disorder severity, prevalence, and demand for treatment was searched. No sample restrictions were applied. Findings ( n = 70 studies) were synthesized across six themes: (a) suspected eating disorder cases during COVID‐19; (b) perceived pandemic impacts on symptoms; (c) symptom severity pre versus during the pandemic; (d) pandemic‐related correlates of symptom severity; (e) impacts on carers/parents; and (f) treatment experiences during COVID‐19. Results Pandemic impacts on rates of probable eating disorders, symptom deterioration, and general mental health varied substantially. Symptom escalation and mental health worsening during―and due to―the pandemic were commonly reported, and those most susceptible included confirmed eating disorder cases, at‐risk populations (young women, athletes, parent/carers), and individuals highly anxious or fearful of COVID‐19. Evidence emerged for increased demand for specialist eating disorder services during the pandemic. The forced transition to online treatment was challenging for many, yet telehealth alternatives seemed feasible and effective. Discussion Evidence for COVID‐19 effects is mostly limited to participant self‐report or retrospective recall, cross‐sectional and descriptive studies, and samples of convenience. Several novel pathways for future research that aim to better understand, monitor, and support those negatively affected by the pandemic are formulated.

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“…Interestingly, a study from China, in which pregnant and non-pregnant women were compared during the COVID-19 pandemic, yielded reduced risk for depression, anxiety, insomnia and PTSD among women who were pregnant [17]. A more recent study that compared postpartum women to women who were never pregnant did not show any significant differences in general anxiety and depressive symptoms [18]. There is no doubt that the pandemic affected women's lives intensely; however, there may also be unexpected positive aspects [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Women’s Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Pregnancy

Yirmiya

Yakirevich-Amir

Preis

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has multiple ramifications for pregnant women. Untreated depression during pregnancy may have long-term effects on the mother and offspring. Therefore, delineating the effects of pregnancy on the mental health of reproductive-age women is crucial. This study aims to determine the risk for depressive symptoms in pregnant and non-pregnant women during COVID-19, and to identify its bio-psycho-social contributors. A total of 1114 pregnant and 256 non-pregnant women were recruited via social media in May 2020 to complete an online survey that included depression and anxiety questionnaires, as well as demographic, obstetric and COVID-19-related questionnaires. Pregnant women also completed the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS). Pregnant women reported fewer depressive symptoms and were less concerned that they had COVID-19 than non-pregnant women. Among pregnant women, risk factors for depression included lower income, fewer children, unemployment, thinking that one has COVID-19, high-risk pregnancy, earlier gestational age, and increased pregnancy-related stress. Protective factors included increased partner support, healthy behaviors, and positive appraisal of the pregnancy. Thus, being pregnant is associated with reduced risk for depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Increased social support, engaging in health behaviors and positive appraisal may enhance resilience. Future studies of pregnant versus non-pregnant women could clarify the role of pregnancy during stressful events, and clarify aspects of susceptibility and resilience during pregnancy.

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2019-nCOV distress and depressive, anxiety and OCD-type, and eating disorder symptoms among postpartum and control women

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

Elevated risk for obsessive–compulsive symptoms in women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic

Elevated risk for obsessive–compulsive symptoms in women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic

A systematic scoping review of research on COVID‐19 impacts on eating disorders: A critical appraisal of the evidence and recommendations for the field

Women’s Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Pregnancy

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