2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors—A Systematic Review

Bergengren, Oskar; Pekala, Kelly R.; Matsoukas, Konstantina; Fainberg, Jonathan; Mungovan, Sean F.; Bratt, Ola; Bray, Freddie; Brawley, Otis W.; Luckenbaugh, Amy N.; Mucci, Lorelei A.; Morgan, Todd M.; Carlsson, Sigrid

doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2023.04.021

Cited by 231 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 242 publications

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“…Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men 53,54 . Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to screen for prostate cancer in blood samples from symptom-free men.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated liquid handling extraction and rapid quantification of underivatized amino acids and tryptophan metabolites from human serum and plasma using dual-column U(H)PLC-MRM-MS and its application to prostate cancer study

Kipura,

Hotze,

Hofer

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Free amino acids (AAs) and their metabolites are important building blocks, energy sources and signaling molecules associated with various pathological phenotypes. The quantification of AA and tryptophan (TRP) metabolites in human serum and plasma is therefore of great diagnostic interest. Robust and reproducible sample extraction and processing workflows as well as rapid, sensitive absolute quantification of AA and TRP metabolites are required to identify candidate biomarkers and to improve current screening methods. We developed a validated semi-automated extraction and sample processing workflow using a robotic liquid handling platform and a rapid method for the absolute quantification of 20 free, underivatized AAs and 6 TRP metabolites using dual-column U(H)PLC-MRM-MS. The automated extraction and sample preparation workflow is designed for use in a 96-well plate format, allowing robust and reproducible high sample throughput without the need for further SPE, evaporation and/or buffer exchange. Samples extracted from serum and/or plasma in 96-well plates can be transferred directly to the U(H)PLC autosampler. The dual-column U(H)PLC-MRM-MS method, using a mixed-mode reversed-phase anion exchange column with formic acid as mobile phase modifier and a high-strength silica reversed-phase column with difluoroacetic acid as mobile phase additive, provided absolute quantification with nanomolar lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) for all metabolites except glycine (LLOQ: 2.46 micromolar) in only 7.9 minutes. The semi-automated extraction workflow and dual-column U(H)PLC-MRM-MS method was applied to a human prostate cancer study and was shown to discriminate between treatment regimens and to identify amino acids responsible for the statistical separation between healthy controls and prostate cancer patients on active surveillance.

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“…Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men 53,54 . Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to screen for prostate cancer in blood samples from symptom-free men.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated liquid handling extraction and rapid quantification of underivatized amino acids and tryptophan metabolites from human serum and plasma using dual-column U(H)PLC-MRM-MS and its application to prostate cancer study

Kipura,

Hotze,

Hofer

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men in more than half of the countries worldwide, with an estimated 1.4 million new cases in 2020 (Bergengren et al, 2023). Despite recent advances in PCa diagnosis and treatment, its incidence rate is steadily increasing, and the age of onset has been decreasing (Kimura et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite recent advances in PCa diagnosis and treatment, its incidence rate is steadily increasing, and the age of onset has been decreasing (Kimura et al, 2021). Currently, the established risk factors for PCa are mainly nonmodi able, including age, family history, and genetic predisposition, whereas some potential risk factors for PCa include physical activity, dietary intake, diseases, environmental factors, sexual activity, infectious agents, and marital status, which are modi able (Bergengren et al, 2023;Gandaglia et al, 2021;Zi et al, 2021). Given the signi cant burden of PCa globally, it is imperative to identify modi able risk factors that can reduce the incidence of PCa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between metabolic syndrome components and prostate cancer risk : a Mendelian randomization study

Shen,

Zhu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Purpose Numerous epidemiological studies have explored the association between the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, to date, the findings have yielded inconclusive results. This study aimed to evaluate the causal effects of MetS components, including obesity, disturbances in glucose metabolism, and hypertension, on the development of PCa. Methods Data for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hypertension, and PCa were acquired from genome-wide association studies in FinnGen, UK Biobank, and the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome consortium. We used two-sample univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the causal relationships between MetS components and PCa risk. Sensitivity analyses were employed to assess the violation of the MR assumptions. Results No evidence of an association between genetically predicted concentrations of T1DM, T2DM, hypertension, obesity, and BMI and PCa risk was found in our study. Waist circumference concentration was negatively associated with PCa risk in the univariate analysis; however, this association disappeared after adjustment for BMI. Genetic variants associated with waist circumference were found to be correlated with decreased PCa risk when BMI was reintroduced into the univariate MR analysis. Conclusion We observed that among the MetS components, genetically predicted waist circumference was associated with decreased PCa risk, whereas no association was observed between BMI and PCa risk. This may be related to the distribution characteristics of fat throughout the body and warrants further investigation.

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“…Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the fifth leading contributor to cancer-related deaths among men globally [ 1 , 2 ]. Currently, diverse treatment modalities are available for PCa [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic-related gene-based prognostic model construction and validation in prostate adenocarcinoma

Li,

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors—A Systematic Review

Cited by 231 publications

References 242 publications

Automated liquid handling extraction and rapid quantification of underivatized amino acids and tryptophan metabolites from human serum and plasma using dual-column U(H)PLC-MRM-MS and its application to prostate cancer study

Automated liquid handling extraction and rapid quantification of underivatized amino acids and tryptophan metabolites from human serum and plasma using dual-column U(H)PLC-MRM-MS and its application to prostate cancer study

The relationship between metabolic syndrome components and prostate cancer risk : a Mendelian randomization study

Epigenetic-related gene-based prognostic model construction and validation in prostate adenocarcinoma

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