2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS: The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2024 AHA Statistical Update is the product of a full year’s worth of effort in 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and AHA staff members. The AHA strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year’s edition includes additional global data, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS: Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS: The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.

Prevalence of Stroke — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2011–2022

“…Older age is a known risk factor for stroke ( 1 ). Stroke prevalence among adults aged ≥65 years was consistent across the study period; however, prevalence among adults aged <65 years increased by approximately 15%.…”

“…Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity in the United States and was the fifth leading cause of death in 2021. * The estimated direct and indirect cost of stroke in the United States was $56.2 billion during 2019–2020 ( 1 ). A report on stroke prevalence using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data indicated that overall self-reported stroke prevalence among noninstitutionalized adults aged ≥18 years in all 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC) had a relative decrease of 3.7% during 2006–2010 ( 2 ).…”

Circadian Mechanisms in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease

“…Among modifiable risk factors, the global leader for cardiovascular disease (eg, myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation), neurovascular disease (eg, stroke and cognitive decline), death, and disability-adjusted life years is hypertension. 21,22 Faraci and Scheer 23 review accumulating evidence about the impact of circadian mechanisms in relation to changes in daily rhythms in blood pressure (eg, the normal reduction in blood pressure that occurs at night, nocturnal hypertension, and so forth). They compare and contrast differences in blood pressure regulation between humans and the most common preclinical models that are naturally nocturnal.…”

Cardiac Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization in Myocardial Infarction Based on Deep Transfer Learning and Radiomics Features

“…Acute myocardial infarction (MI), defined pathologically as myocardial cell death due to prolonged ischemia, is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. The prevalence of the disease approaches 3 million people worldwide, with 605,000 new MIs diagnosed annually in the US [1][2][3].…”

“…Acute myocardial infarction (MI), defined pathologically as myocardial cell death due to prolonged ischemia, is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. The prevalence of the disease approaches 3 million people worldwide, with 605,000 new MIs diagnosed annually in the US [1–3]. Echocardiography is a rapid, noninvasive, portable, and inexpensive imaging modality, making it the preferred technique for the assessment of MI patients [4, 5].…”