2060: Civilization, Energy, and Progression of Mankind on the Kardashev Scale

Abstract

Energy has been propelling the development of human civilization for millennia. Humanity presently stands at Type 0.7276 on the Kardashev Scale, which was proposed to quantify the relationship between energy consumption and the development of civilizations. Projecting the future energy consumption and estimating the change of its composition are critical in the context of civilization development. Here machine learning models, random forest (RF) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), are used to simulate and predict energy consumption on a global scale and project the position of humanity on the Kardashev Scale in 2060. The result suggests that global energy consumption is expected to reach 928-940 EJ in 2060, and our civilization is expected to achieve Type 0.7474 on the Kardashev Scale. Additionally, the potential energy segmentation changes before 2060 and present the influence of the advent of nuclear fusion in this context are discussed.

Use of the newly isolated bacteria E. coli (SAY) in bioethanol production from organic wastes

“…During the human live history, energy play a crucial role in human development. Especially through the last few decades, humans are building their future depending on the various energy sources in different life aspects such as agriculture, industrial and economic [1]. The increasing consumption of fossil fuel such as coal, oil will lead to an increasing amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and CO2 which are main causes of global warming as well as climate change [2].…”