21. α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Plant Extracts

Abstract

About 80% of diabetic people have come from developing countries. Indonesia is seventh of diabetics. Diabetes is a disease as a result of metabolic disorder that caused by lack of insulin secretion and/or insulin do not work properly, so that the sugar highly accumulated in blood (characterized by hyperglycemia). Normally, range of blood sugar is 70 - 110 mg / dL before meals and less than 140 mg / dL after meals. One therapeutic approach to control blood sugar level is to inhibit the activity of starch hydrolysis enzymes, namely α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The active compounds of plant extracts have a unique and diverse structure compared to synthetic ones. This characteristics are important because the inhibition of enzyme activity by active compounds from plant extracts is known to make the formation of chemical bonds (affinity) between the active compounds and enzymes. A number of active compounds from plant extracts such as tannins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, saponins, terpenoids are known to inhibit the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In this study, we discuss some active compounds that inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme from plant extracts.

The Effectiveness of the Α-Amylase Enzyme Inhibition by Several Traditional Medicinal Ingredients Black Turmeric, Aromatic Ginger, Black Cumin, Forest Bee Honey and Sweet Leaves in Ready to Drink Formulation

“…The sample material used in this study has the ability to inhibit the activity of α-amylase enzymes. This is thought to be related to the secondary metabolic content in black turmeric, kencur, black cumin, forest bee honey and stevia leaves that are in line with research from M. Daud AK et al (2019) which states that active compounds contained in plant extracts have inhibitory properties good on the activity of the α-amylase enzymes and α-glucosidases such as tannins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, tercent and saponins so that plants that contain active substances are often used as herbal medicines in overcoming high blood sugar levels or preventing diabetes mellitus [21]. This study is in line with research conducted by [22] also said that the α-amylase inhibition mechanism of active biochemical compounds contained in the drug ingredients such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenes cannot be explained scientifically, But in several studies that have been carried out explains that these compounds are related to the bonds formed between αamylase and the active biochemistry [22].…”

Study of Molecular Docking of Alkaloid Derivative Compounds from Stem Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa)Against α-Glucosidase Enzymes

“…Furthermore, Ningrum, Purwanti, & Sukarsono (2016) research showed that the alkaloids found in the karamunting plant were Maritidine, Homolycorine, Ismine, Tazettine, and Lycorine (Ningrum et al, 2016). α-Glucosidase inhibitor is a type of drug for type 2 diabetes that works to block starch metabolism by inhibiting enzymes in the intestine to break down carbohydrates to slow down glucose absorption (Ak, Juliani, Sugito, & Abrar, 2019;Laily & Khoiri, 2016;Ouassou et al, 2018;Yin, Zhang, Feng, Zhang, & Kang, 2014).…”