212 The association between gravidity, parity and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Chen, Winnie M Y; Subesinghe, Sujith; Scott, Ian C.

doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kez107.028

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Namely, age of menarche, age of menopause, parity status, breastfeeding, use of the oral contraceptive, and HRT have all been found by different studies to have opposing effects on the risk of RA. Metaanalyses pertaining to parity and risk of RA found only a borderline, or zero, association (47,56), as did that regarding the oral contraceptive (58). In contrast, the studies relating to breastfeeding have been more consistent, in that only one case-control study found an increased risk of RA with breastfeeding (49), while several others have found a protective effect, including four reporting a dose-response relationship (43, 48,50,51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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What is the impact of sex hormones on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis?

Raine

Giles

2022

Front. Med.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease and has a female predominance of around 3:1. The relationship between sex hormones and RA has been of great interest to researchers ever since Philip Hench's observations in the 1930's regarding spontaneous disease amelioration in pregnancy. Extensive basic scientific work has demonstrated the immunomodulatory actions of sex hormones but this therapeutic potential has not to date resulted in successful clinical trials in RA. Epidemiological data regarding both endogenous and exogenous hormonal factors are inconsistent, but declining estrogen and/or progesterone levels in the menopause and post-partum appear to increase the risk and severity of RA. This review assimilates basic scientific, epidemiological and clinical trial data to provide an overview of the current understanding of the relationship between sex hormones and RA, focusing on estrogen, progesterone and androgens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…One retrospective cohort study found a dose-response relationship between the protective effect of parity and risk of RA (45), but this was not replicated in a later meta-analysis (47). The most recent systematic review found no association between gravidity and parity and the risk of developing RA (56).…”

Section: Pregnancy Parity and Risk Of Ramentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the impact of sex hormones on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis?

Raine

Giles

2022

Front. Med.

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“…Accelerated biological aging was associated with an increased risk of various adverse outcomes, such as CVD, cancer, depression, and even mortality. It is important to identify people whose PhenoAgeAccel in order to facilitate timely interventions and delay the occurrence of diseases [ 30 ]. As a result, aging biomarkers are needed because it can provide a measurable outcome and does not require extremely long follow-up observation [ 22 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%