226Ra and 228Ra in Iowa Drinking Water

Kriege, Louis B.; Hahne, Rolf M. A.

doi:10.1097/00004032-198210000-00008

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The mean standard deviation is affected by wells that had one water sample with an anomalously high or low value. The mean relative standard deviation of the small NAWQA dataset is similar to that determined in the larger study of Kriege and Hahne (1982). …”

Section: Temporal Variability Of Radiumsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…In a detailed evaluation of the temporal variability of radium-226, Kriege and Hahne (1982) looked at 141 publicsupply wells in Iowa with multiple samples over an 18-year period from 1963 to 1981. Most of the wells had three or four samples with varying time gaps between samples.…”

Section: Temporal Variability Of Radiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the wells had three or four samples with varying time gaps between samples. Kriege and Hahne (1982) calculated the average percent difference from the mean concentration at each well to be 21 percent. Using the methods shown in table 19, the mean standard deviation at each well was 1.53 pCi/L, and the mean relative standard deviation was 30 percent.…”

Section: Temporal Variability Of Radiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-quality assessment of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States

Wilson¹

2012

Scientific Investigations Report

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. ForewordThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is committed to providing the Nation with reliable scientific information that helps to enhance and protect the overall quality of life and that facilitates effective management of water, biological, energy, and mineral resources (http://www.usgs.gov/). Information on the Nation's water resources is critical to ensuring long-term availability of water that is safe for drinking and recreation and is suitable for industry, irrigation, and fish and wildlife. Population growth and increasing demands for water make the availability of that water, measured in terms of quantity and quality, even more essential to the long-term sustainability of our communities and ecosystems.The USGS implemented the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program in 1991 to support national, regional, State, and local information needs and decisions related to water-quality management and policy (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa). The NAWQA Program is designed to answer: What is the quality of our Nation's streams and groundwater? How are conditions changing over time? How do natural features and human activities affect the quality of streams and groundwater, and where are those effects most pronounced? By combining information on water chemistry, physical characteristics, stream habitat, and aquatic life, the NAWQA Program aims to provide science-based insights for current and emerging water issues and priorities. From 1991 to 2001, the NAWQA Program completed interdisciplinary assessments and established a baseline understanding of water-quality conditions in 51 of the Nation's river basins and aquifers, referred to as Study Units (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/ studies/study_units.html ).In the second decade of the Program (2001Program ( -2012, a major focus is on regional assessments of water-quality conditions and trends. These regional assessments are based on major river basins and principal aquifers, which encompass larger regions of the country than the Study Units. Regional assessments extend the findings in the Study Units by filling critical gaps in characterizing the quality of surface water and groundwater, and by determining water-quality status and trends at sites that have been consistently monitored for more than a decade. In addition, the regional assessments continue to build an un...

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Section: Temporal Variability Of Radiumsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Temporal Variability Of Radiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temporal Variability Of Radiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-quality assessment of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States

Wilson¹

2012

Scientific Investigations Report

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“…Radium-226 is associated with the Jordan aquifer (1,000-3,200 feet deep) in southern Iowa and the Dakota aquifer (100-600 feet deep) in northwestern Iowa (Kriege and Hahne, 1982). Generally, drinking water in communities in southern Iowa, which depend on water from wells completed in the Jordan aquifer, have high concentrations of radium.…”

Section: Ground Water Radium Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

National water summary 1983: Hydrologic events and issues

1984

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“…In recent years, several studies have explored in detail the patterns in occurrence and distribution of radium and other radionuclides in ground water (Michel and Moore, 1980;Kriege and Hahne, 1982;Michel and Cothern, 1986;and Kristoff et al, 1990). Assessment of risk to exposed populations from the presence of such nuclides in drinking water has also been the subject of research investigations (Hallenbeck, 1989;and Milvy and Cothern, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactivity in drinking water: Expert opinion and policy choices

Rajagopal

Tobin

1990

Environ Geochem Health

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To examine the preferences of experts to selected economic and policy options in ground-water protection, we conducted an exploratory survey. We presented a group of 120 experts with an analysis of the problem of radium in drinking water supplies of Iowa, and requested their response to a variety of formal questions pertaining to specific issues related to the presence of radium in drinking water. Ninety-seven of the 120 responded. We observed definite preferences in responses to certain aspects of the problem, although in some cases their responses differed significantly due to such factors as length of ground-water related professional experience and residential status. When the presence of excessive radium in drinking water is identified, the respondents preferred immediate action in a world of incomplete knowledge over extensive future research; were willing to undertake personal action to seek radium-free water rather than wait for official action; and favoured local and state government involvement over federal intervention. Findings based on such exploratory surveys can be of much value in defining insightful research hypotheses for field testing. Confirmatory testing of such hypotheses to establish actual preferences in communities with excessive radium in drinking water is a valuable area for further research.

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226Ra and 228Ra in Iowa Drinking Water

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Water-quality assessment of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States

Water-quality assessment of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States

National water summary 1983: Hydrologic events and issues

Radioactivity in drinking water: Expert opinion and policy choices

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