227. Automated Breathing and Metabolic Simulator (ABMS) CO2 Test for Powered and Non-Powered Air-Purifying Respirators, Airline Respirators, and Gas Mask

Sinkule, Edward J.; Turner, Nina L.; Hota, Sai Kiran

doi:10.3320/1.2757905

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Similar findings of elevated within-respirator CO 2 levels (i.e., 3.6%) were reported for N95 FFR in a nonhuman study. 53 Prolonged use of an N95 FFR, leading to increased breathing resistance (e.g., due to accumulated water vapor), could potentially increase withinrespirator CO 2 levels, inasmuch as increases of 3-18 mm H 2 O pressure can cause a 3% increase in end-tidal CO 2 levels. 61 Entrainment of air with elevated CO 2 concentrations is an important issue, given that maternal breathing of air mixtures containing 2%-5% CO 2 for 15-30 minutes has been shown to cause increased fetal respiratory rates and vasodilation.…”

Section: Carbon Dioxide Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 In a NIOSH nonhuman study using an automated breathing and metabolic simulator that simulates human metabolism, minute ventilation, and human sinusoidal breathing waveforms, similar decreases in within-N95 FFR O 2 levels (i.e., 16.8%) were reported. 53 Patients wearing N95 FFR during dialysis treatment averaged a 9 mm decrease in Pao 2 over baseline values. 54 A recently completed study noted hypoxemia in HCW wearing N95 FFR while performing clinical duties.…”

Section: Oxygen Saturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Burden Associated with the Use of Filtering Facepiece Respirators (N95 Masks) during Pregnancy

Roberge

2009

Journal of Women's Health

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Very little rigorous scientific data exist on the physiological burden associated with the use of filtering facepiece respirators by pregnant women, and no definitive conclusions can be reached at this time. Although studies are warranted, they may be difficult to undertake because of health concerns and potential liability associated with the use of pregnant women in medical research. Computer modeling that incorporates features of pulmonary function in pregnancy might offer an alternative to human studies. Filtering facepiece respirators developed to meet the respiratory limitations of pregnant wearers might offer a universal design that would improve the comfort and tolerability for all users. Alternative strategies that limit the pregnant woman's contact with potentially infectious agents (e.g., job reassignment, working from home) may have to be employed in certain circumstances.

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Section: Carbon Dioxide Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oxygen Saturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Burden Associated with the Use of Filtering Facepiece Respirators (N95 Masks) during Pregnancy

Roberge

2009

Journal of Women's Health

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“…The respective averages from all 30 NIOSH models of inhaled CO 2 and O 2 were 2.7% and 17.1% without surgical mask and 3.0% and 16.7% with surgical mask. The presence of a surgical mask thus increased the inhaled concentration of CO 2 but did not change peak exhalation or inhalation pressure [ 181 , 190 ]. It should be noted, however, that the different approaches used by NIOSH and the EU to determine respirator average CO 2 concentrations yield different results for the same respirators [ 191 ].…”

Section: Rpd Performance Issues and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What We Are Learning from COVID-19 for Respiratory Protection: Contemporary and Emerging Issues

Zhang

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Infectious respiratory diseases such as the current COVID-19 have caused public health crises and interfered with social activity. Given the complexity of these novel infectious diseases, their dynamic nature, along with rapid changes in social and occupational environments, technology, and means of interpersonal interaction, respiratory protective devices (RPDs) play a crucial role in controlling infection, particularly for viruses like SARS-CoV-2 that have a high transmission rate, strong viability, multiple infection routes and mechanisms, and emerging new variants that could reduce the efficacy of existing vaccines. Evidence of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmissions further highlights the importance of a universal adoption of RPDs. RPDs have substantially improved over the past 100 years due to advances in technology, materials, and medical knowledge. However, several issues still need to be addressed such as engineering performance, comfort, testing standards, compliance monitoring, and regulations, especially considering the recent emergence of pathogens with novel transmission characteristics. In this review, we summarize existing knowledge and understanding on respiratory infectious diseases and their protection, discuss the emerging issues that influence the resulting protective and comfort performance of the RPDs, and provide insights in the identified knowledge gaps and future directions with diverse perspectives.

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“…Влияние маски на газообмен максимально при наименьшем объёме вдоха, то есть -у людей с небольшой массой тела, а среди медицинских работников много женщин. По данным, упомянутым в [17], у полумасок из непроницаемых материалов концентрация СО 2 ниже, чем у фильтрующих полумасок (до 2,6 и 3,6% соответственно). Но первые мешают общению, что важно для врачей.…”

Section: воздухообменunclassified

Respiratory protective devices for the healthcare workers (literature review)

Kaptsov

Chirkin

2021

Hygiene and Sanitation

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Introduction. Healthcare practitioners are at increased risk of infection with infectious diseases, including the inhalation route. Healthcare practitioners use respirators of various designs providing different efficiency of protection. The purpose of the study was to improve efficiency of the respiratory protection of the healthcare practitioners in Russian Federation. There were analyzed available NIOSH publications, articles in journals Taylor & Francis, Oxford University Press, published materials of Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), and western training manuals. Differences in the requirements of the legislation were identified that increase the risk of infection in healthcare practitioners. There are no methods for assessing the risk level, and there are no specific requirements for selecting the respirator’s type that corresponds to the risk level. The employer is not obliged to provide the fit test for all employees. The respirator must be used timely, so it should not negatively affect the worker. But the average carbon dioxide concentration can exceed the STEL by more than two times. The certification requirements for respirators do not correspond to the conditions of their use in the hospitals. Respirators were not certified as means of protection against bioaerosols. Conclusions. Identified shortcomings in the respiratory safety of health care workers show possible ways to improve their protection by harmonizing national legislation with the best of existing Western requirements.

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227. Automated Breathing and Metabolic Simulator (ABMS) CO2 Test for Powered and Non-Powered Air-Purifying Respirators, Airline Respirators, and Gas Mask

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological Burden Associated with the Use of Filtering Facepiece Respirators (N95 Masks) during Pregnancy

Physiological Burden Associated with the Use of Filtering Facepiece Respirators (N95 Masks) during Pregnancy

What We Are Learning from COVID-19 for Respiratory Protection: Contemporary and Emerging Issues

Respiratory protective devices for the healthcare workers (literature review)

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