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Dielectric properties, conductivity, UV–visible and infrared spectroscopy of PbO P2O5 NaF glasses containing WO3

“…Halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) ions are usually used as modifiers. Upon introduction of these anions, the structure of the initial glass is loosened, the energy of bonds between charge carrier ions and the glass matrix decreases, and the electrical conductivity, as a rule, increases [12]. Tungsten ions are expected to have profound influence on physical properties of phosphate glasses, for the simple reason that the tungsten ions exist in different valence states viz., W 6+ , W 5+ and also in W 4+ state.…”