23.3 A 0-to-60V-Input V_CM Coulomb Counter with Signal-Dependent Supply Current and ±0.5% Gain Inaccuracy from −50°C to 125°C

A ±25A Versatile Shunt-Based Current Sensor with 10kHz Bandwidth and ±0.25% Gain Error from -40°C to 85°C Using 2-Current Calibration

“…Accurate current sensing is critical in many industrial applications, such as battery management and motor control. Precise shunt-based current sensors have been reported with gain errors of less than 1% over the industrial temperature range (−40°C to 85°C) [1][2][3][4]. However, since they are intended for coulomb counting, their bandwidth is limited to a few tens of Hz, making them unsuitable for battery impedance or motor-current sensing.…”

A Versatile ±25-A Shunt-Based Current Sensor With ±0.25% Gain Error From −40 °C to 85 °C

“…Although current sensors based on magnetic field sensing can achieve large bandwidths [9], shunt-based current sensors are more accurate (<1%) [3], [4], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]. As shown in Fig.…”

“…While the former can be corrected by a one-point gain trim, the latter requires the use of a temperature compensation scheme (TCS), which increases system complexity. Although low-TC (tens of ppm/ • C) metal-alloy shunts can be used, this comes at the expense of cost [13], [14], [15], [16]. Alternatively, lowcost metal shunts made from on-chip metal traces [3], package lead frames [4], and PCB traces [17], [18] can be used.…”

A 2.5-µW Beyond-the-Rails Current Sensor With a Tunable Voltage Reference and ±0.6% Gain Error From −40 °C to +85 °C

“…However, the current consumption of the aforementioned sensors is still too high for IoT and wearable applications. In [6], a Coulombcounter that consumes less than 8.5 μW is presented, but it relies on a precision off-chip shunt to achieve good accuracy over temperature. A recent work [7] presents a current sensor with a TC-tunable voltage reference, making it suitable for different types of shunts, but its 0.5-mW power consumption is too high.…”