23 Ways to Nudge

Caraban, Ana; Karapanos, Evangelos; Gonçalves, Daniel; Campos, Pedro

doi:10.1145/3290605.3300733

Cited by 288 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Further, our findings can be categorized using the framework proposed by Caraban et al [28]. According to their research, there are six clusters of nudges: facilitating, confronting, deceiving, social influencing, eliciting fear, and reinforcing.…”

Section: A Psychological Effects Nudging and Privacymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A more recent systematic overview of digital nudges was presented by Caraban et al [28]. Their work also focused on the concept of nudging, specifically its applicability in research on human-computer interaction.…”

Section: ) Psychological Effects and Digital Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These categories are (1) interventions that are transparent and facilitate consistent choice (Type 2); (2) interventions that are transparent influencing behavior (Type 1); (3) non-transparent interventions, which manipulate choice (Type 2); and (4) non-transparent manipulation of behavior (Type 1). Caraban et al [28] presented design considerations related to some of the identified psychological effects. Additionally, they mapped the findings against Fogg's model of behavior, assuming that three factors lead to behavioral change -motivation, ability, and triggers [30].…”

Section: ) Psychological Effects and Digital Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the search queries are based on a previous literature review. The search for psychological terms could be extended and could consider a more substantial amount of psychological effects, for instance, those identified by Caraban et al [28]. However, the inclusion of the generic term ''psychological bias'' should have mitigated this limitation and enabled screening for articles that did not include specific psychological effects from the original search queries.…”

Section: E Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological Effects and Their Role in Online Privacy Interactions: A Review

et al. 2020

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Because of the increasing dependency on online technologies in even the most ordinary activities, people have to make privacy decisions during everyday online interactions. Visual design often influences their choices. Hence, it is in the hands of choice architects and designers to guide users towards specific decision outcomes. This ''nudging'' has gained much interest among scholars in interdisciplinary research, resulting in experimental studies with visual cues that may have the potential to alter attitudes and behaviors. Attitude and behavior changes are often attributed to several psychological effects manifesting in cognitive processing and decision-making. This article presents the results of a systematic literature review carried out to identify which psychological effects have been previously studied in the context of online privacy interactions. Subsequently, fifteen articles were selected and thoroughly reviewed, resulting in the identification of twenty psychological effects. The visual cues triggering these effects were recognized and classified against their capabilities to alter privacy attitudes and behaviors. Specifically, the visual cues were divided into two categories: privacy-enhancing and privacy-deteriorating. This review discusses the applicability of such cues in research and UI design. Further, the findings are discussed against the existing research on digital nudges. The authors conclude with a discussion on issues of research quality in the privacy-related field and outline the road to improvement.

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Section: A Psychological Effects Nudging and Privacymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: ) Psychological Effects and Digital Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Psychological Effects and Digital Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological Effects and Their Role in Online Privacy Interactions: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…The human-computer interaction (HCI) community has been interested in the effective and ethical use of design to create architectures for encouraging and supporting people's choices across a range of behaviors [5]. Thaler and Sunstein show how people can be 'nudged' [15] by altering choice environments and architectures, making it easier for people to make choices that they think are better for them, their families and society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Social Comparisons to Facilitate Healthier Choices in Online Grocery Shopping Contexts

DiCosola

Neff

2020

Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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This exploratory research examines how we might nudge consumers towards making healthier food choices in online grocery shopping or other digitally mediated food consumption contexts. Our pilot study investigated how different forms of social comparisons could be used to encourage consumers to reduce the number of calories contained in their online grocery basket. Our findings show that participants who were less interested in trying new diets were more willing to reduce calories when presented with a comparison to people unlike them, an out-group member comparison, while those who were interested in trying new diets were more willing to reduce calories regardless of social comparison type. These findings imply that one size does not fit all when nudging. More research is needed to see how social comparisons influence the effectiveness of digital health behavior projects.

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Do honesty‐nudges really work? A large‐scale field experiment in an insurance context

Martuza

Skard

Løvlie

et al. 2022

J of Consumer Behaviour

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Businesses want their customers to self-report information honestly. One increasingly popular way to stimulate desired behavior is by using nudge interventions. But can customers be nudged to self-report information more honestly? This is currently a debate in the literature, where empirical results are inconclusive. Building on related literature on nudges, we add to this debate with a controlled field experiment (N = 5704). We used data from actual customers making real decisions when they file claims online to a large Nordic insurance provider. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects of honesty-nudges on self-reported information when filing insurance claims using a controlled field experiment. We designed and tested three honesty-nudges on insurance customers: (1) signing-atthe-beginning, (2) a descriptive social norm message, and (3) a solidarity message.Across five outcome measures, we found that the honesty-nudges, standalone or in any possible combination, do not have significant effects in reducing indicators of insurance claims fraud. But interestingly, customers in all treatment groups used significantly more characters to describe losses than customers in the control group. Also, in post hoc analyses, we found signs that the direction of nudge effects varies across customers' age and customer loyalty. | INTRODUCTIONInsurance companies want their customers to not falsely report or exaggerate damages when they file claims. Fraudulent claims cost the insurance provider because those increase settlement costs. These can also cost honest customers as providers increase premiums to cover extra costs. In 2017, fraudulent claims cost European insurers and customers an estimated 13 billion Euros (Insurance Europe, 2019a). Finance Norway (Finanse Norge, 2019) estimates the total value of detected fraudulent non-life insurance claims in Norway at NOK 495.1 million (approximately 49 million Euros) in 2019. The total value of undetected yearly insurance fraud in Denmark is estimated to be 10 times that of detected-300 million Euros versus 32.75 million Euros 1 (Insurance Europe, 2019b). The Federal Bureau of Investigation (2020) estimates the cost of non-health insurance fraud in the United States at over 40 billion USD. Dealing with insurance claims fraud is difficult because providers rely on self-reported information and customers have economic incentives to report false or exaggerated damages. 1 Estimates were in Euros than in Danish Kroners for uniformity in comparing figures across countries.

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23 Ways to Nudge

Cited by 288 publications

References 93 publications

Psychological Effects and Their Role in Online Privacy Interactions: A Review

Psychological Effects and Their Role in Online Privacy Interactions: A Review

Using Social Comparisons to Facilitate Healthier Choices in Online Grocery Shopping Contexts

Do honesty‐nudges really work? A large‐scale field experiment in an insurance context

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