23. Xiao Hong’s Field of Life and Death

Dooling, Amy D.

doi:10.7312/dent17008-024

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…35 The study conducted by Ryan et al estimated the overall global radiative force in three years from 2019 as +3.9 mW/m. 2,35 They predict this value to double to nearly +7.9 mW/m 2 by accounting for space tourism flights expected to take place within three years following 2019.…”

Section: Cosmic and Space Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 In 2003, the Columbia disaster happened, when the entire crew consisting of seven members died due to the disintegration of the space shuttle upon its entry into Earth's atmosphere. 2 Another accident that took place in space happened with the Russian Soyuz 11 in 1978 during its return to Earth, resulting in the death of all three crew members, after being subject to the explosion of bolts that led to the opening of the pressure equalization valve and consequently caused depressurization. 3 The incident rate is much higher than the accident rate when it comes to space disasters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollution Effects and Management of Orbital Space Debris

Shareefdeen,

Al-Najjar

2024

ACS Omega

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In recent years, spacecraft launches have increased significantly, leading to an increased risk of orbital space debris (OSD) collision, translating into further growth in OSD. With the recent space legislation reducing satellites' end of life period in orbit from 25 to 5 years and with the current OSD amounting currently to nearly 130 million pieces, there emerges the imperative need to reduce and manage OSD significantly. Even without the potential future launches, tracked OSD by itself is alarming and requires intervention and abrupt mitigation. This Review highlights the type of pollutants, including spacecraft combustion pollution due to re-entry to earth and emissions from spacecraft thrusters that lead to global warming and ozone layer depletion, mitigation technologies and pollution prevention methods to reduce OSD, spacecraft shield enhancement, and use of green fuel alternatives to launch spacecrafts with negligible air pollutant emissions.

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Section: Cosmic and Space Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%