24.8%-efficient planar perovskite solar cells via ligand-engineered TiO2 deposition

Stable perovskite solar cells with 22% efficiency enabled by inhibiting migration/loss of iodide ions

“…22 Hence, many recent works have suggested that additives with functional groups can significantly inhibit the migration of ions and mitigate non-radiative recombination, leading to both improved stability and efficiency. [23][24][25][26][27][28] In this work, we introduced polyetheramine (PEA) molecules into perovskite films to inhibit the migration and loss of iodide ions and improve the performance of perovskite films and devices. The amino group at the end of PEA can promote the nucleation and growth of perovskites and enhance the quality and morphology of perovskite films.…”

“…22 Hence, many recent works have suggested that additives with functional groups can significantly inhibit the migration of ions and mitigate non-radiative recombination, leading to both improved stability and efficiency. 23–28…”

Energy level modulation of TiO2 using amino trimethylene phosphonic acid for efficient perovskite solar cells with an average VOC of 1.19 V

“…It is necessary to explore efficient TiO 2 ETL fabrication methods with simpler operation and lower cost. 18,22…”

“…Fortunately, several low-temperature chemical bath deposition (CBD) methods have been reported to prepare efficient TiO 2 ETLs for PSCs, giving a cost-effective solution to fabricate TiO 2 ETLs which can be applied in industrial scales. [17][18][19][20][21][22] To further improve the electron extraction and transport at the TiO 2 /perovskite interface, various strategies such as element doping, introduction of a heterojunction layer and surface modications have been developed to optimize the TiO 2 lms. 17,[23][24][25][26][27] For instance, Zhou et al reported the utilization of Y-doped TiO 2 processed at temperatures below 150 °C as an efficient ETL, delivering high efficiency and a suppressed hysteresis phenomenon in comparison with the undoped device.…”

“…It is necessary to explore efficient TiO 2 ETL fabrication methods with simpler operation and lower cost. 18,22 Herein, we developed an efficient TiO 2 ETL through introducing amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) into a titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ) aqueous solution. ATMP can chelate with Ti 4+ and bind with TiO 2 particles to adjust the crystal growth and hinder the aggregation of TiO 2 , resulting in efficient TiO 2 ETLs with appropriate band energy and surface morphology.…”