24. Parentless Friends: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Networks Among Street Children and Street Youth

Ennew, Judith

doi:10.1515/9783110866377.409

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…This supports findings that once on the street youths may be immersed into a subculture of deviant peers who encourage a lifestyle that is conducive to substance abuse (Ennew, 1994;Kipke et al, 1997;Hagan & McCarthy, 1997;Ennett, Bailey, & Federman, 1999;Whitbeck & Hoyt, 1999). For every unit increase of deviant peer affiliation, the adolescents in our study were as much as six times more likely to meet criteria for substance abuse disorder.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Substance Abuse Disorders among Homeless and Runaway Adolescents

Johnson¹,

Whitbeck²,

Hoyt³

2005

Journal of Drug Issues

100

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This paper presents lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates and comorbidity data for substance abuse disorders among homeless and runaway adolescents. Data are from baseline interviews of a longitudinal diagnostic study of 428 (187 males and 241 females) homeless and runaway adolescents aged 16 to 19 years (mean age = 17.4 years, SD = 1.05). The data were collected by full-time interviewers on the streets and in shelters in eight Midwestern cities of various populations. About two thirds (60.5%) of the runaways met lifetime criteria for at least one of three substance disorders (alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug abuse), and nearly one half (48.1%) met 12-month criteria for at least one of the disorders. Nearly all of the adolescents (93%) who met criteria for a substance disorder met criteria for at least one other mental disorder. Those factors most predictive of meeting lifetime criteria include parenting practices, experience of abuse, and association with deviant peers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Substance Abuse Disorders among Homeless and Runaway Adolescents

Johnson¹,

Whitbeck²,

Hoyt³

2005

Journal of Drug Issues

100

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“…Positive functions of social networks noted by Hagan and McCarthy (1997) include members protecting homeless youth from out-group victimization and providing them with social support. Similarly, Ennew (1994) also notes the protective function that social networks provide and the sense of belonging that comes with group membership. Finally, Rice and colleagues (2007) found that having pro-social peers in one's network (e.g., peers who go to school regularly) decreased the likelihood that homeless youth would engage in HIV risk behaviors.…”

Section: Social Network Characteristics and Risky Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Social network characteristics and risky sexual and drug related behaviors among homeless young adults

Tyler

2008

Social Science Research

120

108

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Although research finds high rates of risky sexual and drug related behavior among homeless young people, little research had examined how the characteristics of their social networks encourage or constrain risky behaviors. Based on a sample of 145 homeless young adults in the Midwestern United States, results revealed that having used alcohol with at least one of their network members and the presence of more conflict was associated with engaging in a greater number of sexual risk taking behaviors. Correlates of engaging in a greater number of substance use related behaviors included having older peers within the network, having used illicit drugs with at least one network member, and the presence of more conflict. The presence of a family member in one's network, however, was associated with fewer sexual and drug related risk behaviors. Overall, the social network characteristics of youth explained significant, additional variance beyond that of youth's own characteristics and their early family histories.

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“…Several studies have linked participation in networks to increases in substance use (Ennew, 1994;Kipke, Montgomery, Simon, & Iverson, 1997;Kipke, Unger, O'Connor, Palmer, & LeFrance, 1997;Hagan & McCarthy, 1997). Ennett et al (1999) found that while homeless youth with a social network were more likely to use drugs and alcohol, and engage in risky-behavior, those with no reported network were almost eight times more likely to engage in such behaviors.…”

Section: Social Network Of High-risk Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of social network composition among homeless and runaway adolescents

Johnson

Whitbeck

Hoyt

2005

Journal of Adolescence

102

120

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Recent research on the social support networks of homeless and runaway youth suggest the social networks of runaway youth are made up largely of transient deviant peer relationships. This paper examined social network characteristics of 428 homeless and runaway adolescents from small to moderate-sized cities in four Midwestern states. We investigated size, homogeneity, and correlates of the composition of the instrumental and emotional support networks as reported by the adolescents. Results showed the networks are considerably heterogeneous, comprised of relationships from home and the street as well as family and non-related adults. Further, the composition of these networks is related to adolescent characteristics and experiences including sexual identity, abuse history, and street experience.

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24. Parentless Friends: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Networks Among Street Children and Street Youth

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Substance Abuse Disorders among Homeless and Runaway Adolescents

Substance Abuse Disorders among Homeless and Runaway Adolescents

Social network characteristics and risky sexual and drug related behaviors among homeless young adults

Predictors of social network composition among homeless and runaway adolescents

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