[24] Spatial organization of oral bacteria in biofilms

Kolenbrander, Paul E.; Andersen, R N; Kazmerzak, Karen; Wu, Rosemary; Palmer, Robert

doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(99)10026-0

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…One system used in our laboratory is the flowcell, based on a design by Palmer and Caldwell (119), in which a microscope slide and coverslip are separated by a silicone rubber gasket that forms two channels (75). Sterile saliva is used as the sole nutrient source and is used to coat the glass before addition of bacteria to the flowcell.…”

Section: In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One model that has been employed to study oral bacterial colonization in vivo is a retrievable enamel chip worn by human volunteers (92,115,121). An in vitro model consisting of a flowcell with saliva-coated surfaces has offered an excellent platform for studying the adherence and growth of oral bacteria (75,76,119,120). Community organization in the in vivo enamel chip and the in vitro flowcell model systems can be investigated by using confocal laser microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Communication among Oral Bacteria

Kolenbrander

Andersen

Blehert

et al. 2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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853

745

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Human oral bacteria interact with their environment by attaching to surfaces and establishing mixed-species communities. As each bacterial cell attaches, it forms a new surface to which other cells can adhere. Adherence and community development are spatiotemporal; such order requires communication. The discovery of soluble signals, such as autoinducer-2, that may be exchanged within multispecies communities to convey information between organisms has emerged as a new research direction. Direct-contact signals, such as adhesins and receptors, that elicit changes in gene expression after cell-cell contact and biofilm growth are also an active research area. Considering that the majority of oral bacteria are organized in dense three-dimensional biofilms on teeth, confocal microscopy and fluorescently labeled probes provide valuable approaches for investigating the architecture of these organized communities in situ. Oral biofilms are readily accessible to microbiologists and are excellent model systems for studies of microbial communication. One attractive model system is a saliva-coated flowcell with oral bacterial biofilms growing on saliva as the sole nutrient source; an intergeneric mutualism is discussed. Several oral bacterial species are amenable to genetic manipulation for molecular characterization of communication both among bacteria and between bacteria and the host. A successful search for genes critical for mixed-species community organization will be accomplished only when it is conducted with mixed-species communities

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Section: In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication among Oral Bacteria

Kolenbrander

Andersen

Blehert

et al. 2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

Self Cite

853

745

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show abstract

“…2 and 3). Bacteria within the oral community display extensive and complex interactions, such as competition between bacteria for nutrients, synergistic/mutualistic interactions, which may stimulate the growth or survival of one or more residents, and production of an antagonist by one resident, which inhibits the growth of another (10,(22)(23)(24). Because of these factors, the elimination of one or a few community members could potentially affect the growth of many bacterial species and result in an overall shift of the microbial composition within the community.…”

Section: S Mutansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision-guided antimicrobial peptide as a targeted modulator of human microbial ecology

Guo

McLean

Yang

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

134

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One major challenge to studying human microbiome and its associated diseases is the lack of effective tools to achieve targeted modulation of individual species and study its ecological function within multispecies communities. Here, we show that C16G2, a specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide, was able to selectively kill cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans with high efficacy within a human saliva-derived in vitro oral multispecies community. Importantly, a significant shift in the overall microbial structure of the C16G2-treated community was revealed after a 24-h recovery period: several bacterial species with metabolic dependency or physical interactions with S. mutans suffered drastic reduction in their abundance, whereas S. mutans’ natural competitors, including health-associated Streptococci, became dominant. This study demonstrates the use of targeted antimicrobials to modulate the microbiome structure allowing insights into the key community role of specific bacterial species and also indicates the therapeutic potential of C16G2 to achieve a healthy oral microbiome.

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“…In the past few decades, there has been a tremendous amount of work and numerous exciting discoveries made during these investigations, ranging from dental plaque's microbial composition, structure to its formation process, from its physiology properties to different kinds and levels of bacterial interactions within these densely populated microbial community. The virtual explosion of our knowledge regarding dental plaque has had a profound impact on our understanding of the etiology of dental and periodontal diseases (Kolenbrander, 1988;Kolenbrander et al, 1999;Kolenbrander, 2000;Kolenbrander et al, 2002;Kolenbrander et al, 2005;Davey and Costerton, 2006;Kuramitsu et al, 2007).…”

Section: Getting a Closer Look At Dental Plaquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within an established dental plaque, specific bacterial species are often found located adjacent to each other or mixed together to form unique structures that often confer adherence or growth advantages. Previous comprehensive reviews by Kolenbrander et al should be consulted for assessment of these important properties (Kolenbrander, 1988;Kolenbrander et al, 1999;Kolenbrander, 2000;Kolenbrander et al, 2005;Kolenbrander et al, 2006).…”

Section: Getting a Closer Look At Dental Plaquementioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiology: Past, Present and Future

Shi

2009

Int J Oral Sci

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Xue-song He, Wen-yuan Shi. Oral Microbiology: Past, Present and Future. International Journal of Oral Science, 1(2): 47-58, 2009Since the initial observations of oral bacteria within dental plaque by van Leeuwenhoek using his primitive microscopes in 1680, an event that is generally recognized as the advent of oral microbiological investigation, oral microbiology has gone through phases of "reductionism" and "holism". From the small beginnings of the Miller and Black period, in which microbiologists followed Koch's postulates, took the reductionist approach to try to study the complex oral microbial community by analyzing individual species; to the modern era when oral researchers embrace "holism" or "system thinking", adopt new concepts such as interspecies interaction, microbial community, biofilms, poly-microbial diseases, oral microbiological knowledge has burgeoned and our ability to identify the resident organisms in dental plaque and decipher the interactions between key components has rapidly increased, such knowledge has greatly changed our view of the oral microbial flora, provided invaluable insight into the etiology of dental and periodontal diseases, opened the door to new approaches and techniques for developing new therapeutic and preventive tools for combating oral polymicrobial diseases.

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[24] Spatial organization of oral bacteria in biofilms

Cited by 52 publications

References 7 publications

Communication among Oral Bacteria

Communication among Oral Bacteria

Precision-guided antimicrobial peptide as a targeted modulator of human microbial ecology

Oral Microbiology: Past, Present and Future

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