2007
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.09.013
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250GHz CW gyrotron oscillator for dynamic nuclear polarization in biological solid state NMR

Abstract: In this paper, we describe a 250 GHz gyrotron oscillator, a critical component of an integrated system for magic angle spinning (MAS) dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments at 9T, corresponding to 380 MHz 1 H frequency. The 250 GHz gyrotron is the first gyro-device designed with the goal of seamless integration with an NMR spectrometer for routine DNP-enhanced NMR spectroscopy and has operated under computer control for periods of up to 21 days with a 100% duty cycle. Following a brief historical revie… Show more

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Cited by 162 publications
(139 citation statements)
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“…DNP/NMR Spectroscopy. All experiments were carried out at 9T by using the 250 GHz e Ϫ /380 MHz 1 H DNP spectrometer with a three radiofrequency channel ( 1 H, 13 C, 15 N) probe that incorporates matching transmission lines to provide remote tuning, high isolation between the channels, and high radiofrequency stability with respect to temperature variations in the sample chamber (45). The NMR spectrometer console was designed and built in-house and uses custom-designed NMR data acquisition software (D. J. Ruben, Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, MIT).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…DNP/NMR Spectroscopy. All experiments were carried out at 9T by using the 250 GHz e Ϫ /380 MHz 1 H DNP spectrometer with a three radiofrequency channel ( 1 H, 13 C, 15 N) probe that incorporates matching transmission lines to provide remote tuning, high isolation between the channels, and high radiofrequency stability with respect to temperature variations in the sample chamber (45). The NMR spectrometer console was designed and built in-house and uses custom-designed NMR data acquisition software (D. J. Ruben, Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, MIT).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Millimeter-wave power is produced by a 250-GHz gyrotron oscillator (45,46). The beam is directed to the sample through a quasi-optical transmission circuit consisting of two HE 11-mode overmoded corrugated waveguides and an optical matching circuit between them (18,47).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In particular, the development of gyrotron and other high frequency microwave sources permits DNP to be performed at magnetic fields used in contemporary NMR experiments (5-20 T). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] To date these experiments, which have focused mostly on insulating solids formed from glassy, frozen solutions of proteins and other nonconducting materials, have relied primarily on narrow line monoradicals and the solid effect (SE) 1,[9][10][11] or nitroxide biradicals and the cross effect (CE) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] to mediate the polarization process. These approaches have resulted in large signal enhancements and have enabled many experiments that would otherwise be impossible.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the main attractiveness of the gyrotron resides in its power, some applications would also benefit from having a frequency tunable generator. For instance the operation of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) would be greatly simplified by utilizing a continuously tunable continuous-wave (CW) gyrotron [8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%