26.2 Design Considerations for Superconducting Quantum Systems

Zettles, George; Willenborg, Scott; Johnson, Blake R.; Wack, Andrew; Allison, Brian

doi:10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731706

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…limitations, whereas extending a 2-qubit to a 100-qubit experiment may be unfeasible due to cost and size. This has led to ad hoc designs [193,194].…”

Section: Cryogenic Vs Rt Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon spin qubits from laboratory to industry

Michielis

Ferraro

Prati

et al. 2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Quantum computation is one of the most challenging quantum technologies that promise to revolutionize data computation in the long-term by outperforming the classical supercomputers in specific applications. Errors will hamper this quantum revolution if not sufficiently limited and corrected by quantum error correction codes thus avoiding quantum algorithm failures. In particular millions of highly-coherent qubits arranged in a two-dimensional array are required to implement the surface code, one of the most promising codes for quantum error correction. One of the most attractive technologies to fabricate such large number of almost identical high-quality devices is the well known metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) technology. Silicon quantum processor manufacturing can leverage the technological developments achieved in the last 50 years in the semiconductor industry. Here, we review modeling, fabrication aspects and experimental figures of merit of qubits defined in the spin degree of freedom of charge carriers confined in quantum dots and donors in silicon devices along with classical electronics innovations for qubit control and readout. Furthermore, we discuss potential applications of the technology and finally we review the role of start-ups and companies in the silicon-based quantum computing era.

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“…limitations, whereas extending a 2-qubit to a 100-qubit experiment may be unfeasible due to cost and size. This has led to ad hoc designs [193,194].…”

Section: Cryogenic Vs Rt Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon spin qubits from laboratory to industry

Michielis

Ferraro

Prati

et al. 2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…First, individual control of each qubit frequency through a static Z-bias current allows for qubit idling frequencies to be optimized for maximum T 1 , which is an important feature that allows for one to avoid the detrimental effects of parasitic two-level systems, which can introduce loss at unpredictable (and time-varying) frequencies [102]. Secondly, dynamic control of the qubit frequency can be used for a variety of purposes such as phase 1 Typical values of T 1 for a frequency tunable transmon in a large processor are ≈ 20 µs [3]. The lower numbers in comparison to fixed frequency transmons are partially related to the extra Z tuning port.…”

Section: B Superconducting Circuit Based Quantum Computingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early proofof-principle systems have generally employed laboratorygrade hardware for control and measurement. For instance, today's state-of-the-art quantum computers-which contain on the order of 100 qubits-employ rack-mount electronics implemented using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components for generation and digitization of the control and readout signals, respectively (e.g., [1], [2]). This approach has been justified as the field of quantum computing is still in the proof-of-concept phase, where architectures are rapidly evolving and the basic principles required for practical faulttolerant quantum computing are still being verified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMOS Integrated Circuits for the Quantum Information Sciences

Anders

Babaie

Bardin

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Quantum Eng.

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Over the past decade, significant progress in quantum technologies has been made and, hence, engineering of these systems has become an important research area. Many researchers have become interested in studying ways in which classical integrated circuits can be used to complement quantum mechanical systems, enabling more compact, performant, and/or extensible systems than would be otherwise feasible. In this article-written by a consortium of early contributors to the field-we provide a review of some of the early integrated circuits for the quantum information sciences. CMOS and BiCMOS integrated circuits for nuclear magnetic resonance, nitrogen-vacancy-based magnetometry, trapped-ion-based quantum computing, superconductor-based quantum computing, and quantum-dot based quantum computing are described. In each case, the basic technological requirements are presented before describing proof-of-concept integrated circuits. We conclude by summarizing some of the many open research areas in the quantum information sciences for CMOS designers.

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“…The potential on each side of this resistor can be measured via an on-chip analog monitor bus, enabling off-line calibration of the individual sub-DACs. 6 The second switch serves as a polarity switch, enabling the routing of the current to a positive or negative output port.…”

Section: A Xy Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the many areas requiring attention, here, we focus on control of the quantum processor. For today's O(100) qubit superconducting quantum computers, the necessary control waveforms are generated using custom-built rack-mounted electronic control systems that leverage high-speed digitalto-analog converters (DACs) driven from field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based interfaces [6], [7]; this approach has been logical due to the fact that system development to date has focused primarily on basic demonstrations and, as such, the optimization of electronics has not been critical. However, realization of the O(10 6 ) qubit systems currently believed necessary for fault-tolerant quantum computing will require reducing the size, power, and cost of these electronic interfaces.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Characterization of a <4-mW/Qubit 28-nm Cryo-CMOS Integrated Circuit for Full Control of a Superconducting Quantum Processor Unit Cell

Yoo,

Chen,

Arute

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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A universal fault-tolerant quantum computer will require large-scale control systems that can realize all the waveforms required to implement a gateset that is universal for quantum computing. Optimization of such a system, which must be precise and extensible, is an open research challenge. Here, we present a cryogenic quantum control integrated circuit (IC) that is able to control all the necessary degrees of freedom of a two-qubit subcircuit of a superconducting quantum processor. Specifically, the IC contains a pair of 4-8-GHz RF pulse generators for XY control, three baseband current generators for qubit and coupler frequency control, and a digital controller that includes a sequencer for gate sequence playback. After motivating the architecture, we describe the circuit-level implementation details and present experimental results. Using standard benchmarking techniques, we show that the cryogenic CMOS (cryo-CMOS) IC is able to execute the components of a gateset that is universal for quantum computing while achieving single-qubit XY and Z average gate error rates of 0.17%-0.36% and 0.14%-0.17%, respectively, as well as two-qubit average cross-entropy benchmarking (XEB) cycle error rates of 1.2%. These error rates, which were achieved while dissipating just 4 mW/qubit, are comparable to the measured error rates obtained using baseline room-temperature electronics.

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26.2 Design Considerations for Superconducting Quantum Systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Silicon spin qubits from laboratory to industry

Silicon spin qubits from laboratory to industry

CMOS Integrated Circuits for the Quantum Information Sciences

Design and Characterization of a <4-mW/Qubit 28-nm Cryo-CMOS Integrated Circuit for Full Control of a Superconducting Quantum Processor Unit Cell

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