26. Exploring the limits of performance of third generation image intensifiers

Howorth, J.R.; Holtom, R.; Hawton, A; Folkes, J. R.; Palmer, I.C.

doi:10.1016/s0042-207x(80)80027-3

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…This latter is not a trivial problem since it is a limiting factor in photon imaging tubes which use III-V layers. For example a 1980 review of the third generation tubes is still relevant in terms of achievable performance [26]. In the imaging tubes a thin membrane is interposed between cathode and the end of the microchannel plate to allow passage of electrons but block the ions.…”

Section: Alternative Routes To Enhanced Cathode Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Photocathodes—past performance and future potential

Townsend¹

2003

Contemporary Physics

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Light detection and imaging at very low intensities, even down to individual photon detection, has been made possible by the development of photomultiplier and imaging tubes. They have two main components: a photocathode detector and an electron multiplication section, but throughout their long history their performance has been limited by the response of the photocathodes. Reappraisal of the underlying science of cathode preparation emphasizes that they are still performing well below their full potential. The reasons for this are discussed and some indications of how improvements could be made are suggested. Since many of the potential advances are within the scope of current technology it is certainly feasible to achieve enhancements in performance by factors of two to ten across the blue to near-infrared spectral range. Higher improvement factors are implied but will be dicult to realize in the normal spectral range for wavelengths below 1 mm. Signi®cant gains in sensitivity, and perhaps in response speed, will open many new opportunities for low light level sensors and the prediction is that they will be an enabling technology for developments in biological and medical applications, among others.

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Section: Alternative Routes To Enhanced Cathode Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Photocathodes—past performance and future potential

Townsend¹

2003

Contemporary Physics

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In situ surface study of the activating layer on GaAs (Cs, O) photocathodes

Rodway¹,

Allenson²

1986

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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An in situ study of the activating layer on GaAs (CS, 0) photocathodes has been made using Auger electron spectroscopy, relative work function, photo-emission and spatial resolution measuring techniques.The layer thickness, composition and work function reduction have been measured for both single-and two-temperature activations. In order to account for the electron transmission probability and the transverse energy of the emitted photo-electrons it is necessary to consider both the work function lowering and the scattering properties of the activating layer. Further it has been shown that neither the heterojunction or dipole models provide an adequate explanation of the properties of the layer which are more consistent with the cluster model of Burt and Heine.

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Spectral response variation of a negative-electron-affinity photocathode in the preparation process

Liu

Chang

et al. 2006

Appl. Opt.

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In order to research the spectral response variation of a negative electron affinity (NEA) photocathode in the preparation process, we have done two experiments on a transmission-type GaAs photocathode. First, an automatic spectral response recording system is described, which is used to take spectral response curves during the activation procedure of the photocathode. By this system, the spectral response curves of a GaAs:Cs-O photocathode measured in situ are presented. Then, after the cathode is sealed with a microchannel plate and a fluorescence screen into the image tube, we measure the spectral response of the tube by another measurement instrument. By way of comparing and analyzing these curves, we can find the typical variation in spectral-responses. The reasons for the variation are discussed. Based on these curves, spectral matching factors of a GaAs cathode for green vegetation and rough concrete are calculated. The visual ranges of night-vision goggles under specific circumstances are estimated. The results show that the spectral response of the NEA photocathode degraded in the sealing process, especially at long wavelengths. The variation has also influenced the whole performance of the intensifier tube.

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26. Exploring the limits of performance of third generation image intensifiers

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Photocathodes—past performance and future potential

Photocathodes—past performance and future potential

In situ surface study of the activating layer on GaAs (Cs, O) photocathodes

Spectral response variation of a negative-electron-affinity photocathode in the preparation process

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