293 Potential Allelopathy of Sorghum-Sudan Mulch

Mitchell, J. P.; Summers, Charlie; Prather, Timothy S.; Roche, Leslie M.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.35.3.442b

Cited by 3 publications

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“…In this treatment, accumulation of surface residue may have impeded growth, and there was more weed pressure. The garbanzo growth also might have been more inhibited by allelopathic chemicals from the sorghum-sudangrass cover crop than when the residue was incorporated with standard tillage (Mitchell et al, 2000). Lower aboveground cowpea cover crop biomass in no-tillage + continuous cropping compared with standard tillage + continuous cropping was associated with lower germination and stand establishment (personal observation).…”

Section: Crop Productivity and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Food Webs and Carbon Dynamics in Response to Conservation Tillage in California

Minoshima

Jackson

Cavagnaro

et al. 2007

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.

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All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Reducing disturbance by tillage and addition of crop residues affects soil biota and their role in soil C storage. For 1 yr in a fi eld station trial in Davis, CA, these treatments were compared: no-tillage + continuous cropping, no-tillage + fallow, standard tillage + continuous cropping, and standard tillage + fallow. The continuous cropping treatment consisted of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)/sorghum-sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]/garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.)/cowpea cover crop [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers ssp. unguiculata]. The fallow rotation omitted the sorghum-sudangrass and cowpea cover crops. No-tillage + continuous cropping resulted in signifi cant changes in the surface layer (0-5 cm): higher microbial biomass C, more fungi as indicated by ergosterol and phospholipid fatty acid analysis, and higher soil NO 3 − in summer, and higher pH, soluble K + , and Olsen P at the end of the experiment. At lower depths (5-15 and 15-30 cm), few differences were observed. Total soil C (at 0-30 cm) was least with standard tillage + fallow, the typical management practice in the region. The soil food web, as indicated by the nematodes, did not become more complex with no-tillage + continuous cropping, contrary to expectations, possibly because higher trophic level nematodes had been eliminated after decades of cultivation. The bacterial decomposition pathway dominated the surface layer in all treatments, but, with no-tillage, opportunistic (colonizer-persistent Group 1) bacterial feeders greatly decreased with depth. Plant productivity, except for weeds, was reduced by no-tillage, especially in the garbanzo crop. By decreasing disturbance and increasing fungi, no-tillage + continuous cropping appears to have accelerated soil C storage but management alterations are needed to produce higher crop biomass in this Mediterranean-type climate.

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Section: Crop Productivity and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Food Webs and Carbon Dynamics in Response to Conservation Tillage in California

Minoshima

Jackson

Cavagnaro

et al. 2007

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.

Self Cite

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“…Release of allelochemicals by mixed residues can have a synergistic and/or additive effect on target species (Matloob et al, 2010). Although useful levels of herbicidal activity through residue incorporation have been achieved, there are still undesirable instances of phytotoxicity to subsequent crops (Holmes and Mayberry, 1996;Mitchell et al, 2000). As a practical approach, residue-mediated phytotoxins must selectively target weed species and not crop plants (Kruidohf et al, 2010).…”

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Allelopathic Activity of Crop Residue Incorporation Alone or Mixed Against Rice and its Associated Grass Weed Jungle Rice (Echinochloa colona [L.] Link)

Khaliq

Matloob

Cheema

et al. 2011

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Weed suppression is one of the several benefits achieved by soil incorporation of crop residues and such suppression is believed to be allelopathic in nature. The allelopathic potential of different crop residues: viz. sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), brassica (Brassica campestris L.) was evaluated in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and jungle rice (Echinochloa colona [L.] Link). Chopped crop residues were soil-incorporated alone and mixed at 6 g kg-1 soil (12 t ha-1) and compared with a control without residues. Soil incorporation of residues substantially delayed germination of jungle rice. The time to start germination, time to 50% emergence, mean emergence time, emergence index, and final germination percentage were all depressed by residue incorporation. Final germination of rice and jungle rice dropped by 11 to 15% and 11 to 27% with residue application alone and by 18 to 22% and 8 to 34% with a combination of crop residues, respectively. Residues were more suppressive to germination dynamics of jungle rice than rice. Crop residues exerted a pronounced negative influence on the shoot (25 to 100% and 14 to 44%) and root lengths (22 to 100% and 10 to 43%) of rice and jungle rice, respectively. Shoot and root dry weight of both rice and jungle rice also decreased significantly. An appreciable quantity of phenolics was recorded in soil amended with sorghum+sunflower+brassica residues. Since soil incorporation of allelopathic crop residues was detrimental to both rice germination and seedling growth, it is suggested that the time of residue application for jungle rice suppression and rice seeding time need to be adjusted so as to minimize rice crop damage.

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Seed Pre-Treatments Help Improve Maize Performance Under Sorghum Allelopathic Stress

Khaliq

Matloob

Mahmood

et al. 2013

Journal of Crop Improvement

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293 Potential Allelopathy of Sorghum-Sudan Mulch

Cited by 3 publications

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Soil Food Webs and Carbon Dynamics in Response to Conservation Tillage in California

Soil Food Webs and Carbon Dynamics in Response to Conservation Tillage in California

Allelopathic Activity of Crop Residue Incorporation Alone or Mixed Against Rice and its Associated Grass Weed Jungle Rice (Echinochloa colona [L.] Link)

Seed Pre-Treatments Help Improve Maize Performance Under Sorghum Allelopathic Stress

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