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Abstract

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory illness characterized by persistent synovial inflammation. It's the most common form of arthritis that causes inflammatory changes in the tissue of joints, destroys cartilage and bones, and affects the quality of life. This diverse disease has a wide range of disease progression and treatment responses. Because the precise origin of rheumatoid arthritis is still unknown, no medicine can ensure a full recovery. Biomarkers guide the clinical and pharmacological management of rheumatoid arthritis at all phases. This is because they can help in the monitoring of disease activity and progression, the prediction of illness beginning in at-risk patients, and the provision of predictive data. American College of Rheumatology (ACR) emphasized on initial investigation of clinical findings based on the physical data for the diagnosis of RA. Although Rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies are the two biomarkers that can be used to determine who is at risk for the condition and who has pre-clinical rheumatoid arthritis before symptoms develop, there are involvements of many genes and other proteins that have been connected to a higher risk of rheumatoid arthritis development. This review analyses potential research biomarkers for RA, focusing on biomarkers presently used in routine clinical practice addressing unresolved clinical issues. INTRODUCTION:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune, persistent inflammatory illness 1 . with an unknown cause that affects between 0.5 and 1 percent of adults globally. However, 60% of the risk factors for RA are hereditary in nature. Gene polymorphisms, complex factors and epigenetic variables including DNA methylation and histone acetylation are the first genetic factors mentioned 2 . Environmental variables, including food, smoking, and oral health, are also risk factors 3 .