2D/3D Halide Perovskites for Optoelectronic Devices

Abstract

The traditional three-dimensional (3D) halide perovskites (HPs) have experienced rapid development due to their highly power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the instability of 3D perovskite on humidity and UV irradiation blocks their commercialization. In the past few years, two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites attract much attention because they behave better stability due to the water resistance of the aliphatic carbon chains in the 2D perovskite lattice. In this review, we categorize the 2D/3D perovskites based on the applications [i.e., solar cells (SCs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors (PDs)]. We further discuss the recent efforts in the performance enhancement of the 2D/3D perovskite-based devices. However, there are still some difficulties before 2D/3D HPs is fully commercialized. We will provide some scientific and technical challenges and prospects in the article to point out the future direction.

Vertical‐type 3D/Quasi‐2D n‐p Heterojunction Perovskite Photodetector

“…In recent years, the 3D/2D mixed perovskites have been extensively studied by researchers for solar cells. [38][39][40][41][42] The properties of 3D and 2D perovskites can be complementary to each other through an optimized combination of them, leading to high stability and high photovoltaic performance. T. Zhang and coauthors mixed the 2D and 3D halide perovskites and achieved high stability solar cell with a PCE of up to 16.13%.…”

Passivation of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Trifluoromethyl-Group-Modified Triphenylamine Dibenzofulvene Hole Transporting Interfacial Layers

“…For PSCs to be commercially applicable, three critical challenges must be addressed concurrently: low cost, high PCE, and long-term stability . PSCs with an inverted p-i-n design have lower PCEs than n-i-p devices; however, they offer crucial qualities appealing from a large-scale production standpoint due to their lower processing temperatures; also, their less pronounced hysteresis behaviors are remarkably better than the conventional type. − MAPbI 3 is one of the most often used perovskite types because it is easier to manufacture at lower annealing temperatures and because of its high PCE (up to 25.5%); unfortunately, moisture sensitivity is one of the downsides of this type that inhibits large-scale manufacturing. , To address this issue, one possibility is to add another layer that acts as a surface passivation with hydrophobic properties. Surface defect passivation using an HTM layer has recently been discovered to improve PCE and the stability of perovskite solar cells. , …”

“…8−10 MAPbI 3 is one of the most often used perovskite types because it is easier to manufacture at lower annealing temperatures and because of its high PCE (up to 25.5%); unfortunately, moisture sensitivity is one of the downsides of this type that inhibits large-scale manufacturing. 11,12 To address this issue, one possibility is to add another layer that acts as a surface passivation with hydrophobic properties. Surface defect passivation using an HTM layer has recently been discovered to improve PCE and the stability of perovskite solar cells.…”

Role of a corrugated Dion–Jacobson 2D perovskite as an additive in 3D MAPbBr3 perovskite-based light emitting diodes

“…However, the first interesting results for LED application came out only in 2014, demonstrating the possibility to obtain high-brightness light emitting diodes in the near-infrared, red and green part of the spectrum by using mixed halide 3D perovskites (MAPbI 3-x Cl x (MA=methylammonium) and solution-based deposition 10 . These three-dimensional (3D) perovskites are characterized by an AMX 3 general formula and a cubic unit cell (A is a monovalent cation that could be organic, such as in the case of methylammonium (MA), and/or inorganic, such as cesium; M is a divalent metallic compound, usually Pb 2+ , and X is a monovalent halide anion such as I − , Br − , or Cl − ) 11 . Noteworthy, external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) higher than 20% were successively reached in 3D perovskite based LEDs 8,12,13 .…”

“…10 These three-dimensional (3D) perovskites have a general formula of AMX 3 and a cubic unit cell (where A is a monovalent cation that could be organic, such as in the case of methylammonium (MA), and/or inorganic, such as cesium; M is a divalent metallic compound, usually Pb 2+ ; and X is a monovalent halide anion such as I − , Br − , or Cl − ). 11 Noteworthily, external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) higher than 20% were successively reached in 3D perovskite based LEDs. 8,12,13 However, these systems suffer from facile dissociation of excitons due to their long diffusion length 14,15 and low exciton binding energy 16,17 that could decrease device performances.…”