2D carbon network arranged into high-order 3D nanotube arrays on a flexible microelectrode: integration into electrochemical microbiosensor devices for cancer detection

Abstract

In this work, we develop a new type of mesoporous 2D N, B, and P codoped carbon network (NBP-CNW) arranged into high-order 3D nanotube arrays (NTAs), which are wrapped onto a flexible carbon fiber microelectrode, and this microelectrode is employed as a high-performance carbon-based nanocatalyst for electrochemical biosensing. The NBP-CNW-NTAs synthesized by a facile, controllable, ecofriendly and sustainable template strategy using ionic liquids as precursors possess a high structural stability, large surface area, abundant active sites, and effective charge transport pathways, which dramatically improve their electrocatalytic activity and durability in the redox reaction of cancer biomarker H2O2. Benefiting from these unique structural merits, superb electrochemical activity and good biocompatibility, the NBP-CNW-NTAs-modified microelectrode demonstrates excellent sensing performance toward H2O2 and is embedded in a homemade microfluidic electrochemical biosensor chip for the real-time tracking of H2O2 secreted from different live cancer cells with or without radiotherapy treatment, which provides a new strategy for distinguishing the types of cancer cells and evaluating the radiotherapeutic efficacy of cancer cells. Furthermore, the functional microelectrode is integrated into an implantable probe for the in situ detection of surgically resected human specimens to distinguish cancer tissues from normal tissues. These will be of vital significance for cancer diagnoses and therapy in clinical practice.

Flexible Graphene Paper Modified Using Pt&Pd Alloy Nanoparticles Decorated Nanoporous Gold Support for the Electrochemical Sensing of Small Molecular Biomarkers

“…The performances for the detection of H2O2 using different nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors are shown in Table S1. The results show that the electrochemical sensing performances of Pt&Pd-NPs-NPG/GP are comparable and superior to that of others and even our previous work [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53], indicating that the proposed work possesses significant potential in various areas of biological and biomedical application. The amperometric technique was employed to assess the electrochemical sensing capabilities of Pt&Pd-NPs-NPG/GP towards H 2 O 2 , maintaining a fixed potential of −0.1 V. Figure 4B illustrates the current-time (i-t) curves of Pt&Pd-NPs-NPG/GP upon continuous addition of H 2 O 2 into stirred 0.1 M PBS.…”

“…The performances for the detection of H 2 O 2 using different nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors are shown in Table S1. The results show that the electrochemical sensing performances of Pt&Pd-NPs-NPG/GP are comparable and superior to that of others and even our previous work [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53], indicating that the proposed work possesses significant potential in various areas of biological and biomedical application.…”