“…Semiconductors for PEC should be efficient, environmentally friendly, and nontoxic end products, and they should enable cost-effective energy conversion [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] . Hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) satisfies all these requirements and also has a proper band gap (E g = 2.1 eV) making it a promising candidate for water oxidation [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] . However, bare α-Fe 2 O 3 has some limitations in terms of PEC performance, including fast electron-hole recombination, short hole diffusion length (typically 2–4 nm), and low conductivity [2] , [21] , [22] , [23] .…”