2D Hybrid Halide Perovskites: Structure, Properties, and Applications in Solar Cells

Abstract

Abstract2D metal‐halide perovskites have attracted intense research interest due to superior long‐term stability under ambient environments. Compared to their 3D analog, the alternate arrangement of organic and inorganic layers leads to forming a multilayer quantum well (MQW), which endows 2D perovskites with anisotropic optoelectronic properties. In addition, the spacer layer functions as a hydrophobic barrier to effectively prevent 2D perovskite films from ion migration and moisture penetrating, thus realizing outstanding stability. Recently, 2D perovskites have been widely developed with abundant species. The stunning photovoltaic performance with the coexistence of long‐term stability and high‐power conversion efficiency (PCE) has been realized in 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which paves an avenue for commercialization of PSCs. This review begins with an introduction of crystal structure and crystallization kinetics to illustrate the unique layer characters in 2D perovskites. Then, electron structure, excitons, dielectric confinement, and intrinsic stability properties are discussed in detail. Next, the photovoltaic performance based on recent Ruddlesden–Popper (RP), Dion–Jacobson (DJ), and alternating cations in the interlayer (ACI) phase 2D‐PSCs is comprehensively summarized. Finally, the confronting challenges and strategies toward structural design and optoelectronic studies of 2D perovskites are proposed to offer insight into the advanced underlying properties of this family of materials.

Nanosegregation in arene-perfluoroarene π-systems for hybrid layered Dion–Jacobson perovskites

“…S5, ESI †). Likewise, a visual inspection of GIWAXS images shows that (PDMA)PbI 4 crystallites have a preferred orientation, [9][10][11][12]27,34 whereas upon the gradual addition of F-PDMA continuous Debye-Scherrer rings appear, indicating a more random distribution of crystallites (Fig. 2d-f and Fig.…”

“…[6][7][8] In particular, two classes of 2D perovskite materials are of special interest, namely the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) and Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phases. [9][10][11][12][13][14] RP systems mostly follow the general formula S′ 2 A n−1 M n X 3n+1 , where S′ are monofunctional spacers that interact with the perovskite slabs by forming a bilayer with a half-aunit-cell displacement between the perovskite slabs (Fig. 1b).…”

FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells: From Film Morphology Regulation to Device Optimization

“…An alternately stacked layered structure will be constructed by insulating organic spacer layers (R‐NH 3 + ) and inorganic [PbI 6 ] 4− slabs. [ 79 ] The R‐NH 3 + organic amine layer should possess high hydrophobicity, suitable orientation, and dense accumulation to prevent direct contact between external water and perovskite. [ 80 ] However, the dielectric‐limited and quantum‐limited effects will lead an inferior carrier mobility/diffusion, which substantially hinders the photovoltaic performance of 2D PSCs.…”

“…[ 80 ] However, the dielectric‐limited and quantum‐limited effects will lead an inferior carrier mobility/diffusion, which substantially hinders the photovoltaic performance of 2D PSCs. [ 79 ] Dimensional regulation can combine the superior charge transport property of 3D perovskite with the high stability of 2D perovskite, resulting in high‐efficiency and stable PSCs.…”

Crystallization regulation of solution-processed two-dimensional perovskite solar cells

“…This property can enhance the stability of intermediate phases and limited the release rate of PbI 2 , thus allowing spacer cations to have more time to participate in the crystallization reorganization and achieve vertical arrangements. 92 For instance, Jeon et al found that DMSO can form a stable MAI·PbI 2 ·DMSO intermediate phase via intercalating with the reactants within bulk solution. DMSO functions as a blender to delay the rapid reaction between PbI(Br) 2 and MAI(Br) during the thinning process, which makes the formation of uniformly high-quality films with large perovskite grains.…”