2D Metal Chalcogenides Incorporated into Carbon and their Assembly for Energy Storage Applications

Abstract

2D metal chalcogenides have become a popular focus in the energy storage field because of their unique properties caused by their single-atom thicknesses. However, their high surface energy and van der Waals attraction easily cause serious stacking and restacking, leading to the generation of more inaccessible active sites with rapid capacity fading. The hybridization of 2D metal chalcogenides with highly conductive materials, particularly, incorporating ultrasmall and few-layered metal chalcogenides into carbon frameworks, can not only maximize the exposure of active sites but also effectively avoid their stacking and aggregation during the electrochemical reaction process. Therefore, a satisfactory specific capacity will be achieved with a long cycle life. In this Concept, the representative progress on such intriguing nanohybrids and their applications in energy storage devices are mainly summarized. Finally, an outlook of the future development and challenges of such nanohybrids for achieving an excellent energy storage capability is also provided.

Gyroidal Niobium Sulfide/Carbon Hybrid Monoliths for Electrochemical Energy Storage

“…[8b,10] It was found that the properties of TMD electrodes are highly dependent on the number and shape of the two-dimensional layers. [12] Direct hybridization of the electrochemically active material with a rationally structured carbon phase instead of the addition of conductive additive has been shown to improve the performance of electrode materials. [12] Direct hybridization of the electrochemically active material with a rationally structured carbon phase instead of the addition of conductive additive has been shown to improve the performance of electrode materials.…”

“…Electrochemical energy storage devices are an integral building block of the transition toward sustainable energy sources. [12] Direct hybridization of the electrochemically active material with a rationally structured carbon phase instead of the addition of conductive additive has been shown to improve the performance of electrode materials. [2] However, the number of electron transfers per active material involved in insertion reactions is relatively small (1 Li for 6 C, < 1 per LiCoO 2 ).…”

“…[9] In particular, the electrochemical behavior of MoS 2 as an anode in lithium-and sodiumion batteries was explored over the last few years. [12] Direct hybridization of the electrochemically active material with a rationally structured carbon phase instead of the addition of conductive additive has been shown to improve the performance of electrode materials. [11] Restacking of the two-dimensional layers is a common issue that leads to rapid performance degradation of TMD electrode materials.…”

Recent Advances in Aerosol‐Assisted Spray Processes for the Design and Fabrication of Nanostructured Metal Chalcogenides for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…Full reduction of MX to form M during the sodiation process leads to a higher capacity . Recently, metal chalcogenide materials, in particular sulfides and selenides, have attracted increasing attention as promising anode materials for SIBs . Metal chalcogenides have increased bond lengths and correspondingly weaker binding energy, which reduces the energy consumption of the sodiation/desodiation reaction .…”

“…[23] Recently,m etal chalcogenide materials, in particularsulfidesa nd selenides,have attracted increasing attention as promising anode materials for SIBs. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Metal chalcogenides have increased bond lengths and correspondingly weaker binding energy,w hich reduces the energy consumption of the sodiation/desodiationr eaction. [23][24][25][26] Furthermore, their discharge products (Na 2 Sa nd Na 2 Se for sulfidesa nd selenides, respectively) afford better Na + conductivity andl ower formation enthalpies than Na 2 O.…”