2D multifunctional devices: from material preparation to device fabrication and neuromorphic applications

Abstract

Neuromorphic computing systems, which mimic the operation of neurons and synapses in the human brain, are seen as an appealing next-generation computing method due to their strong and efficient computing abilities. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with dangling bond-free surfaces and atomic-level thicknesses have emerged as promising candidates for neuromorphic computing hardware. As a result, 2D neuromorphic devices may provide an ideal platform for developing multifunctional neuromorphic applications. Here, we review the recent neuromorphic devices based on 2D material and their multifunctional applications. The synthesis and next micro-nano fabrication methods of 2D materials and their heterostructures are first introduced. The recent advances of neuromorphic 2D devices are discussed in details using different operating principles. More importantly, we present a review of emerging multifunctional neuromorphic applications, including neuromorphic visual, auditory, tactile, and nociceptive systems based on 2D devices. In the end, we discuss the problems and methods for 2D neuromorphic device developments in the future. This paper will give insights into designing 2D neuromorphic devices and applying them to the future neuromorphic systems.

In-Sensor Organic Electrochemical Transistor for the Multimode Neuromorphic Olfactory System

“…However, mimicking a human olfactory system is crucial because it can sense and identify a variety of gases, as well as warn of dangerous gas accumulation. To address this issue, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have garnered considerable attention for their sensing capabilities (biological, chemical, and physical signals), high transconductance, low operating voltages (≤1 V), and dynamic ion-to-electron transduction similar to neural synaptic mechanisms. − Song et al constructed a single organic transistor to record cumulative exposure to NO 2 leakage at room temperature but could not modulate the memory level of chemical gases . Although promising, the artificial olfactory systems still have the following limitations to be further addressed: (1) the limited progress in memory function to record cumulative exposure to chemical gases and (2) the lack of efficient ways to modulate the memory level of chemical gases. ,− Hence, there is a high demand to develop biomimetic electronic devices that can evaluate the inhalation, metabolism, and organ accumulation damage of harmful gases for health monitoring, noninvasive diagnosis, and artificial intelligence warning.…”