2D Nanosheets—A New Class of Therapeutic Formulations against Cancer

Abstract

Researchers in cancer nanomedicine are exploring a revolutionary multifaceted carrier for treatment and diagnosis, resulting in the proposal of various drug cargos or “magic bullets” in this past decade. Even though different nano-based complexes are registered for clinical trials, very few products enter the final stages each year because of various issues. This prevents the formulations from entering the market and being accessible to patients. In the search for novel materials, the exploitation of 2D nanosheets, including but not limited to the highly acclaimed graphene, has created extensive interest for biomedical applications. A unique set of properties often characterize 2D materials, including semiconductivity, high surface area, and their chemical nature, which allow simple decoration and functionalization procedures, structures with high stability and targeting properties, vectors for controlled and sustained release of drugs, and materials for thermal-based therapies. This review discusses the challenges and opportunities of recently discovered 2D nanosheets for cancer therapeutics, with special attention paid to the most promising design technologies and their potential for clinical translation in the future.

Shape programmable T1–T2 dual-mode MRI nanoprobes for cancer theranostics

“…Due to the higher specific surface area, nanosheets have more exposure sites, such as degradable sites and catalytic sites. 181 These characteristics make nanosheets perform well in the loading and release of chemotherapeutic drugs, photosensitizers, and immune adjuvants. Therefore, nanosheets have been proved to be an interesting nanoplatform for various cancer diagnoses and treatments.…”

Advances in Biologically Applicable Graphene-Based 2D Nanomaterials

“…For medicinal use, the 2D nanocarriers, which are biocompatible and degrade into nontoxic products, are favorable [ 83 ]. These 2D materials possess important properties, such as semiconductivity, high surface area, a chemical nature suitable to be functionalized or decorated, and a stable structure and targeting ability, which can ensure a controlled and sustained release of drugs; these materials can also be used for thermal-based therapies, which predestine them to be applied in cancer therapy [ 84 ]. Recent progress in the surface modification of GR and its derivatives, appropriate for drug delivery systems, was summarized by Jonoush et al [ 85 ].…”

Nanoscale Topical Pharmacotherapy in Management of Psoriasis: Contemporary Research and Scope

“…MNPs usually have wide utility in biomedical applications including drug-delivery vehicles in various disease conditions with good biocompatibility, affluent functionality, and controlled release of therapeutic agents [ 192 , 193 ]. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials of metallic origin like nanosheets are also employed as a smart drug-delivery system in different disease conditions [ 194 , 195 ]. It has been reported that MNPs show great advantages not only as anti-aging and anti-acne treatments, and skincare products but also for the management of various skin disorders including psoriasis [ 196 ].…”