The search for an effective, stable, and economically viable electrocatalyst for water splitting to replace expensive noble catalysts remains imperative. This investigation evaluates the impact of erbium oxide (Er 2 O 3 ) on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of transition metal oxides (TMOs), including nickel oxide (NiO), cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 ), and iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ). Introducing Er 2 O 3 nanoclusters into TMO nanostructures produces a heterostructure interface between Er 2 O 3 and the active TMOs, leveraging Er 2 O 3 's unique 4f electron occupancy as an effective electronic modulator, thus enhancing its electrocatalytic activity. Findings reveal that the Er 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 hybrid (ErFeO) exhibits the most promising OER activity, characterized by low overpotential and Tafel slope, exceptional durability relative to synthesized materials, and outperforming the commercial noble catalyst, RuO 2 . Consequently, ErFeO is a prospective electrocatalyst for OER applications.