2D‐structuring of glasses via thermal poling: A short review

Lipovskii, A. A.; Zhurikhina, Valentina; Tagantsev, D. K.

doi:10.1111/ijag.12273

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Idealized in the figure is the primary formation of O(AlSi 2 ) triclusters, though again this may not be the only possibility. Naturally, this restructuring would lead to a large reduction in volume in the depletion layer relative to the parent glass—a finding consistent with observation, since poled glass surfaces are known to subtractively mimic the topography of the anodic electrode material, leading to the topographic‐imprinting that has been reported on extensively during glass poling …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Structure and composition of surface depletion layers in poled aluminosilicate glasses

2019

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Thermal poling processes can be used to form modified surface layers on glass that, under ion‐blocking electrode conditions, are depleted of virtually all network‐modifying cations relative to the network‐forming species. During this process, many outstanding questions remain as to the structure of these layers and how it may vary between glasses of different “parent” composition, with important implications for resultant surface properties and industrial applications of this technology. This phenomenon of depleting modifiers is particularly difficult to rationalize in aluminosilicate glass compositions, where—in the parent glass—aluminum ions are predominantly present as cation‐charge‐compensated [AlO4]− tetrahedra prior to poling. Here, we present results of a detailed investigation into the surface depletion layers formed across a wide range of ternary sodium aluminosilicate (NAS) glasses, applying a host of surface‐sensitive spectroscopy methods to directly interrogate the resulting composition and structure within the Na‐depleted, anode‐side surface layers. The desired depletion layers were successfully formed on all of the NAS glasses attempted, all showing (a) near‐complete depletion of alkali within 300‐500 nm‐thick layers on the anode‐side surfaces, (b) thin zones of Al depletion with the Na‐depleted layer, and (c) the absence of injected H+ ions that could serve as an alternative charge‐compensation mechanism. These data essentially confirmed a true binary Al2O3–SiO2 composition inside the depletion layers. However, no significant structural dependence was found as a function of parent glass, where initial compositions ranged from peralkaline to charge‐balanced. Importantly, TEM imaging showed the depletion layers to be fully amorphous and homogeneous (not phase‐separated) at the nanoscale, despite final compositions in the range of 5‐33 mol% Al2O3—a composition space notoriously prone to phase‐separation if prepared by conventional melting. Within the depletion layers, ELNES and TEY‐XANES evidence is shown for retention of Al in a 4‐coordinated state, along with XPS data indicating elimination of non‐bridging oxygen. Taken as a whole, our results indicate a highly‐connected aluminosilicate network, most likely with a relatively high concentration of 3‐coordinated oxygen—or O “triclusters”—as a plausible means of charge‐compensating 4‐coordinated Al in the absence of Na+ or H+. The combined results of this work provide convincing new evidence for unique glass structures within the depletion layers not achievable through analogous melt pathways, with important implications for surface properties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Structure and composition of surface depletion layers in poled aluminosilicate glasses

2019

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“…The region that was placed beneath the anode presents lower refractive index [3][4][5]. For these properties poled glass is used for waveguides [6], imprinting diffractive gratings on its surface [7][8][9][10] and also for etching since material from the poled region is more easily removed [11][12][13]. Recently, poled glass has been proposed as a substrate for micro structuring thin metal layers [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ellipsometry-based study of glass refractive index depth profiles obtained by applying different poling conditions

et al. 2019

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Application of electric field and moderately elevated temperature is depleting the side facing anode from alkali present in glasses. The change of composition of the treated glass results in variation of refractive index depth profile within the treated glass. Spectroscopic ellipsometry is employed for characterization of optical properties of glass treated in different conditions. The results of optical characterization are verified by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. It is found that the refractive index profile obtained from ellipsometry has maximum value higher than the one of untreated glass. Obtained refractive index profiles are in very good agreement with concentration profiles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of thermodiffusion processes in solid ionic electrolytes provides the fundamental basis for creating gradient structures inside glass samples through local changes in the chemical composition by femtosecond laser radiation, [1][2][3][4][5] continuous wave (CW) laser, [6][7][8] by means of thermal poling, [9][10][11] and thermally activated ion-exchange. 12,13 In case of femtosecond laser radiation, depending on the parameters of the irradiation and the glass-forming matrix, the temperature at the center of the laser spot can range between a thousand and several thousands degrees Celsius.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodiffusion of alkali ions in alkali niobophosphate glasses

Markov

Kurushkin

Соколов

2020

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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A method is proposed for determination of the thermal diffusion coefficients of mobile ions through the study of ionic thermoelectric power. Ionic Seebeck coefficients and the heats of ion transport have been measured in [Li(Na,K)]2O‐Nb2O5‐P2O5 glasses. The mixed alkali effect influence on the thermoelectric power has been reported for the first time in glasses. Soret coefficients have been calculated for all monoalkali glass samples synthesized in this work. Type of the alkali ion and Nb2O5 content dependence of the heat of transfer and thermal diffusion coefficient have been analyzed and discussed.

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2D‐structuring of glasses via thermal poling: A short review

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Structure and composition of surface depletion layers in poled aluminosilicate glasses

Structure and composition of surface depletion layers in poled aluminosilicate glasses

Ellipsometry-based study of glass refractive index depth profiles obtained by applying different poling conditions

Thermodiffusion of alkali ions in alkali niobophosphate glasses

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