2D transition metal dichalcogenides, carbides, nitrides, and their applications in supercapacitors and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

Abstract

The development of renewable energy conversion and storage devices, aiming at high efficiency, stable operation, environmental friendliness, and low-cost goals, provides a promising approach to resolve the global energy crisis. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have drawn enormous attention due to their unique layered structure and intriguing electrical characteristics, which brings the unprecedented board applications in the fields ranging from electronic, optical, optoelectronic, thermal, magnetic, quantum devices to energy storage and catalysis. Graphene-based 2D layered materials show promising applications in energy storage and conversion owing to their high specific surface area, which have been used for supercapacitor electrode materials based on the electrical double-layer capacitance model. However, graphene has a limited value of theoretical electrical double-layer capacitance when the whole surface area is fully utilized. Among several classes of 2D layered materials beyond graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal carbides, and nitrides may exhibit excellent electrochemical properties due to the distinctive features of these 2D materials, such as large specific surface area, good hydrophilic nature, highly exposed active edge sites, and ease of intercalation and modification. Therefore, careful design and construction of these 2D compounds make them become potential candidates used for electrochemical supercapacitors and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. This review emphasizes the recent important advances of the 2D layered materials composed of transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal carbides, and nitrides for supercapacitors and electrocatalysts. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and perspectives in this energy field in terms of the classes of two-dimensional layered materials.

Atomic Layer Deposition of 2D Metal Dichalcogenides for Electronics, Catalysis, Energy Storage, and Beyond

“…In the case of TMDCs, the pseudocapacitance contribution can also include intercalation reactions similar to those used in battery electrodes. [365,366] Nandi et al [209] used a polycrystalline MoS 2 film deposited by the Mo(CO) 6 + H 2 S plasma process at 200 °C as a supercapacitor electrode (Figure 16f,g). A very high areal capacitance of 3400 mF cm −2 that exceeded previous reports and a reasonable cycling stability (82% capacity retention after 4500 cycles) were achieved for the optimal, ≈40 nm thick MoS 2 coating on a porous Ni foam substrate.…”

Frontiers in Hybrid Ion Capacitors: A Review on Advanced Materials and Emerging Devices

“…are mostly used as pseudocapacitive materials. [7][8][9][10][11] It is worthy to mention that very few materials like polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and polythiophene-derivatives, MnO 2 , RuO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , etc. are consid-ered as intrinsic pseudocapacitive materials, which demonstrate linear dependence of the stored charge with the voltage window, and exhibit quasi-rectangular cyclic voltammetric profiles.…”

Synergetic Advantages of Atomically Coupled 2D Inorganic and Graphene Nanosheets as Versatile Building Blocks for Diverse Functional Nanohybrids

“…Due to the remarkable advantage of hybridization between 2D inorganic and graphene nanosheets, many families of 2D nanosheet-based materials such as TMO, LDH, TMD, metal nitrides, metal phosphides, and their graphene hybrids, have been exploited as versatile electrocatalysts. [81] For one instance, Li et al synthesized a promising electrocatalyst of MoS 2 /graphene for N 2 fixation with a high NH 3 yield in addition to a high faradaic efficiency and an excellent electrochemical stability. [82] Similarly, a high electrocatalytic HER activity was achieved from the vertically grown 1T-MoS 2 nanosheet on graphene/Ni foam.…”