3.1–10.6 GHz high linearity, excellent gain flatness CMOS power amplifier for UWB applications using stagger tuning technique

Ultra-wideband CMOS power amplifier for wireless body area network applications: a review

“…In [35], a one-stage cascode power amplifier with a shunt feedback network operating in the frequency band of 3.1 to 4.8 GHz has been attained with a high gain of 19±1 dB and power dissipation of 25 mW from 1.8 V supply voltage. In [24], [26], [49], a one-stage cascode with current reused configuration has been proposed to decrease the power consumption. Good gains of 10.3 dB, 18 dB, and 15 dB in the frequency range of 3.1 to 4.8 GHz, 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, and 3 to 5 GHz have been achieved, respectively.…”

“…Figure 7 shows the percentage of employing one, two, and three amplification stages [11]- [59]. As presented in this figure, using a one-stage amplifier [21], [23], [24], [26], [34], [35], [47]- [49] and a three- stage amplifier [11], [17], [39], [45], [55] are slightly used. The most used number of stages for power amplification is a two-stage amplifier [12], [16], [48]- [50], [53], [57], [21], [22], [25], [27], [28], [30], [38], [40].…”

“…For ultra-wide CMOS power amplifiers for WBAN applications, higher power gain levels are required without sacrificing power consumption. Cascode schemes can achieve high gain and less power consumption for power amplifier implementation which makes that scheme the most attractive for WBAN applications [23], [24], [26], [30], [34], [35], [48]- [50], [57]. comparisons among different PA techniques for five published papers in terms of the power gain (dB), PAE (%), power consumption (mW), area (mm 2 ), gain flatness (±dB), input matching S11 (dB), and output matching (dB), respectively.…”

“…comparisons among different PA techniques for five published papers in terms of the power gain (dB), PAE (%), power consumption (mW), area (mm 2 ), gain flatness (±dB), input matching S11 (dB), and output matching (dB), respectively. Among the PA techniques are one-stage common-source amplifier [21], [47]- [49], two-stage cascaded amplifier [12], [16], [21], [22], [48], three-stage cascaded amplifier [11], [17], [39], [45], [55], one-stage cascode amplifier [23], [24], [26], [34], [35], two-stage cascode amplifier [25], [27], [38], [40], [53], and two-stage hybrid amplifier [30], [48], [49], [50], [57].…”

“…The first and second stages accomplish gain at lower corner and upper-end frequency respectively, whilst the third stage smoothed the gain flatness curve. Also, stagger tuning technique is employed to enhance the gain flatness [11], [26]. − For broad input matching, a common-gate (CG) stage is employed in the first stage [16], [22], [45], [55].…”