3.17 Automobile Bumpers

Nomura, Manabu; Ramanan, S.M. Shanmuga; Arun, S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.03962-x

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It was found that 1.5 wt% of MWCNTs enhanced significantly the mechanical properties of automobile bumpers. Less attention was paid to those MWCNTs and their aggregates that were released by accidents and aeroplane crashes [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reepithelization of the Damaged Cornea in the Presence of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Baksa¹,

Kiss²,

Tálas³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We have established earlier a cell line from the human limbal area to study cell growth and response to the toxic effects of antibiotics used in ophthalmology. In the recent work, the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in cornea damage was investigated in vitro and in vivo in mice. In the in vitro experiments, the physiological effects of multi-walled carbon nano-tube (MWCNT) bundles on corneal wound healing were mimicked in vitro by a reepithelization limbal stem cell model. Murine in vivo experiments were performed with intact, non-functionalized MWCNTs to confirm the validity of in vitro tests. The MWCNTs of 10 -30 nm outer diameter at low concentration (5 µg/ml) did not interfere with the wound healing of the damaged limbal cell monolayer. Higher than 50 µg/ml concentrations: a) generated MWCNT aggregates, b) restrained the movement and prolonged the time of wound healing, c) increased the amplitudes of the oscillations of the cells, and d) resulted in scar formation affecting both cor-neal function and refraction. Chromatin condensation, a sensitive test of the viability of cells, including limbal stem cells revealed that the presence of a low concentration of nanotubes (5 µg/ml), did not significantly affect the viability of limbal cells. Chromatin condensation was completed and metaphase chromosomes were seen at higher MWCNT concentration proving that their aggregates did not affect the viability of limbal cells. This concentration of MWCNTs (5 µg/ml) did impact neither the reepithelization in vitro nor in vivo in the scratched eyes of mice. Scar formation took place at higher than 50 µg/ml concentrations and the healing of the cornea was prevented by the lack of movement of increasingly larger macroaggregates. In vivo murine experiments vali-dated in vitro monolayer regrowth followed by time-lapse microscopy portraying realistically the reepithelization of the damaged cornea that process was gradually slowed down by macro aggregate formation and caused the scarring of the cornea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reepithelization of the Damaged Cornea in the Presence of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Baksa¹,

Kiss²,

Tálas³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] PPCs have many merits with flowability, mechanical characteristics, weatherability, and chemical resistance, and are economical considering cost aspects. 8 Because of the versatility of PPCs, the required physical properties are countless and vary depending on the purpose of end products. At present, most manufacturers in the composite resin industry attempt to meet the specifications of PPC products by trial and error.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of physical property prediction models for polypropylene composites with optimizing random forest hyperparameters

Joo

Park

Lim

et al. 2021

Int J of Intelligent Sys

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The physical properties required in polypropylene composites (PPCs) vary depending on the purpose of use. In the manufacturing of PPCs, it is crucial to determine the types and quantities of numerous reinforcements to meet the required physical properties. Owing to industrial complexity, most PPC manufacturers produce the composites repeatedly until the desired physical properties are obtained. Hence, to reduce trial and error, we developed prediction models for the physical properties of PPCs based on commercial recipe data. The recipe data included information about five physical properties of composites manufactured using 90 materials. In complex industrial environments, because one recipe is usually composed of 2–12 materials, numerous combinations of data sets are created. It causes the lack of the same material combination data sets and thus makes it difficult to develop a good performance model. Therefore, a novel categorization process is suggested as data preprocessing to overcome the data imbalance problem. The models for predicting the five physical properties (flexural strength, melting index, tensile strength, specific gravity, and flexural modulus) were developed using random forest, and the performance of the prediction models was improved via hyperparameter optimization. Furthermore, the effects of the materials on the performance of the models were numerically described through variable importance analysis. Finally, a software was developed to implement the prediction models in the industry. The software was applied to a commercial composite and achieved high accuracy, demonstrating the effectiveness of this study. Thus, the software suggests decision‐making solutions to save cost and time by reducing the trial and error in the industrial environment with high complexity.

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“…The development of polymer and its composite found a way to replace the metal and its alloy parts and Nomura et al, [13] made an attempt to carry out the systematic review on automobile bumpers and its materials, in which he replaced the metal bumper using PP composite such as Multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), carbon black, glass fibre, carbon fibre, nano-clay, etc., to achieve the sufficient mechanical properties. The study showed that the reinforcement of 1.5 wt.% of MWCNT enhanced the mechanical properties significantly, where the tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and Young's modulus was found to be enhanced by 42.8, 33.7, 17.4, and 16%, respectively compared to pure PP, however the optimum filler concentration was still a concern in his study [13]. PP not only used for its excellent corrosion resistance and easy to manufacture but also an insulation in the sandwiched material used for refrigerated vehicle walls box panel with the potentials of weight reduction, low thermal conductivity, reduction in engine power, CO2 gas emissions, fuel consumption and cost saving.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis and Fabrication of Battery Holder for Two Wheelers

Sabarinathan

Ram

Chethan³

et al. 2020

ARFMTS

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The high-performance plastics usage is increasing in the automobile field because of its advantages over other metals and alloys. Corrosion resistance, light weight, low cost, flexibility in design are the major advantages of plastics above the conventional metallic materials. In this paper a metal version component converted into plastic version in order to increase efficiency, reduce the overall cost of a two-wheeler and to improve the production rate of component. Different types of material such as PP + 15% TALC, PP + 30% GF, PP + 30% TALC, Nylon 6 + 15% GF, Nylon 66 UF, Nylon 6 UF, Nylon 66 + 30% GF, ASA LI941 and ASA LI913 tested for 10,000km road test, vibration test and fitment test. An injection moulding used to produce the component and ‘Mouldx3D’ software was used for mould flow analysis and other simulation. The different parts of injection moulding tool made up of C45, P20 and D2 materials. Among different materials, ASA LI913 was selected since it has better weather resistance than others and the impact strength matched to metal version component. Finally, it was found that the cost of the component made of Plastic considerably less than same component made of metal.

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3.17 Automobile Bumpers

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Reepithelization of the Damaged Cornea in the Presence of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Reepithelization of the Damaged Cornea in the Presence of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Development of physical property prediction models for polypropylene composites with optimizing random forest hyperparameters

Numerical Analysis and Fabrication of Battery Holder for Two Wheelers

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