3,5-Di-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl phloroacetophenone, a major component of Melicope ptelefolia, suppresses fibroblast activation and alleviates arthritis in a mouse model: Potential therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Melicope ptelefolia has been traditionally used to treat rheumatism and fever. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of 3,5-di-C-β-d-glucopyranosyl phloroacetophenone (βGP), a main component of M. ptelefolia, on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was established in mice using the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The clinical scores of arthritis, swelling, histopathological findings, and micro-computed tomography in CIA mouse paws were assessed. The levels of anti-type II collagen antibody and cytokines were determined in the plasma and cell culture supernatant, respectively. Protein and gene expression levels were analyzed by western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. βGP significantly decreased the gross arthritic scores of CIA mice and joint swelling, and decreased articular inflammation, cartilage degradation and bone erosion. However, βGP did not exert any effect on anti-type II collagen immunoglobulin G plasma levels or inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages. βGP significantly suppressed the expression of interleukin-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor and decreased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated MEFs and in CIA mouse paws. Osteoclast-related gene expression was significantly reduced in CIA mouse paws. Taken together, βGP suppressed the development of RA by regulating the activation of synovial fibroblasts.

Constituents of the Edible Leaves of Melicope pteleifolia with Potential Analgesic Activity

“…Once glutathione, which can detoxify NAPQI, is depleted, NAPQI can exert its toxicity . On the other hand, MP-001 was the fraction of M. pteleifolia that contained compound 1 , and this compound accounted for more than 13.3% and 25% of the water extract (data not shown) and MP-001, respectively, and is readily obtained via HP-20 column chromatography. As MP-001 can be prepared industrially in a few simple steps and has advantages over APAP because it originates from a natural edible vegetable and thus may be relatively safe, M. pteleifolia may have great potential in the pharmaceutical industry.…”

Korean Red Ginseng attenuates Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced inflammatory response in endometrial cancer cells and an endometriosis mouse model

“…Total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed as described in the previous study [ 37 ]. qRT-PCR was performed with a StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) using AccuPower® GreenStar™ qPCR PreMix (Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon, Korea) according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Korean Red Ginseng suppresses bisphenol A-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and cellular migration of A549 human lung cancer cell through inhibition of reactive oxygen species

“…Total RNA was extracted using the trizol reagent, and the first-strand cDNA was synthesized according to a previously reported method [ 30 ]. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed with StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) using a AccuPower® GreenStar™ qPCR Pre Mix (Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon, Korea) according to the manufacturer's instructions [ 31 ]. The primers used were MMP-9: 5′-ACTTTGACAGCGACAAGAAGTG-3′, 5′-GGCACTGAGGAATGATCTAAGC-3′.…”